The morphological changes of retinal blood vessels are important indicators used to diagnose and monitor the progression of various diseases. A number of retinal blood vessel segmentation methods have been introduced, including the line operator based methods, which have shown satisfactory results. However, the basic line operator method cannot discriminate the pixels around the retinal optic d...

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The four-nucleon bound state and scattering below three-body breakup threshold are described based on the realistic coupledchannel potential CD Bonn + ∆ which allows the excitation of a single nucleon to a ∆ isobar. The Coulomb repulsion between protons is included. In the four-nucleon system the two-baryon coupled-channel potential yields effective two-, threeand fournucleon forces, mediated b...

We investigate the application of line-graph operator to one-dimensional spin models with periodic boundary conditions. The spins (or interactions) in original structure become interactions spins) resulting structure. identify conditions which ensure that each new is stable, is, its configuration minimises internal energy. Then, making a correspondence between configurations and binary sequence...

The Szász–Mirakyan operator is known as a positive linear which uniformly approximates certain class of continuous functions on the half line. purpose present paper to find out limiting behaviors iterates in probabilistic point view. We show that converge semigroup generated by second-order degenerate differential operator. A interpretation convergence terms discrete Markov chain constructed fr...