Liability of air carriers especially in respect of liability limits has been subject of various regulations in both domestic and international levels. Our country by ratifying 1929 Warsaw convention and subsequent protocols in 1976 has regulated liability limits of Iranian airlines in various milestones including 1980, 1982 and 1984 and finally passed the Act of Delimiting Liability of Iran...

Nowadays spiritual and mental restoration as well as the physical treatment is supposed to be one the important tasks of hospitals. This goal is achieved by employing expert physicians, making use of modern medical instruments, and establishing suitable physical space. However, lawyers pay less attention to the civil liability of hospitals. Common law considers civil liability of hospitals, the...

Medical treatments are divided to essential and unnecessary treatments. Treatments and cosmetic surgery in the category of unnecessary treatments and reconstructive surgery and other treatments for example heart, liver and kidney transplant surgery placed in the category of essential treatments. Compensation basis in essential treatments in Iranian law, among basics of the negligence, strict li...

The Rotterdam Rules, among the international maritime transport conventions, was the first one that assigned one chapter to the obligations and liabilities of the shipper, and invented the new concept of documentary shipper. Since the concept of documentary shipper is invented for the first time in the Rotterdam Rules, in this paper, has been raised the legal status of the documentary shipper a...

Abstract The question is about the “why”s in dealing with the basis. Why is disciplinary liability raised for the physicians? However, searching for the goal, the objective is to find out “why” do physicians face disciplinary liability? Answers to these two questions are to be particularly determined by comparison with the bases and goals of criminal and civil liabilitie...

As a result of information technology era and possibility of swift access to information, endorsement of Confidential Business Information (CBI) has found an extraordinary importance; whereas the CBI concept and legal warranty in order to support it thoroughly in Iran is not emphasized in the framework of a specific law. This issue has led to legal problems in the trial with allegation of CBI v...

  One of the important issues which are discussed by the law today is the civil liability of Physicians, something which was silence in the civil code and civil liability code of n1339 (1960), however the Islamic penal code has predicted some regulations for it. The civil liability of Physicians in the comparative law is principally based on the theory of fault. That is, a Physician is found to...

Despite the fact that in investigations and legal writings enough consideration has been paid to the founding principles and rules governing civil and criminal liability as well as damages of crime, the legal or disciplinary responsibility accompanying these two types of legal responsibilities has not been taken seriously into account and the people involved it - in particular, the authorities ...