Using data from the PISA 2006 field trial, Rasch item response models are used to demonstrate that extreme response tendency was exhibited differentially across culturally distinct countries when answering Likert type attitude items. A single attitude scale is examined across eight culturally distinct countries in this paper. Two avenues to ameliorate this tendency are explored: first using dic...

BACKGROUND In the year 2014, Android smartphones accounted for one-third of mobile connections globally but are predicted to increase to two-thirds by 2020. In developing countries, where teleconsultations can benefit health-care providers most, the ratio is even higher. This study compared the use of two Android phones, an 8 megapixel (MP) and a 16 MP phone, for capturing microscopic images. ...

For evaluating monitoring and parent-adolescent communication, a set of scales addressing parental knowledge, control and solicitation, and adolescent disclosure was proposed by Kerr and Stattin (2000). Although these scales have been widely disseminated, their psychometric proprieties have often been found to be unsatisfactory, raising questions about their validity. The current study examines...

background values used by the nursing profession are essential in order to maintain high standards of the nursing care. objectives the aim of this study was to compare the perspective of nursing students from type ι and iii universities of medical sciences about professional values of nursing in iran. materials and methods in this cross-sectional survey, we investigated the professional values ...

OBJECTIVES Proper assessment of dyspnea is important in patients with heart failure. Our aim was to evaluate the use of the 5-point Likert scale for dyspnea to assess the degree of pulmonary congestion and to determine the prognostic value of this scale for predicting adverse events in heart failure outpatients. METHODS We undertook a prospective study of outpatients with moderate to severe h...

On theoretical grounds, one would expect there to be a positive correlation between reliability and the number of response categories used in a Likert-type scale. Many psychometrists recommend that at least 20 response categories be used. However, when respondents are presented with either too many or too few response categories, it is possible that respondent fatigue might occur with a corresp...

OBJECTIVES To investigate (1) the diagnostic value of the Signs of Depression Scale (SODS) in a Likert scale format and (2) whether the Likert scale improves the diagnostic value compared with the original dichotomous scale. DESIGN Cross-sectional multicentre study. SETTING One general and one university hospital in the Netherlands. SUBJECTS A total of 116 consecutive hospitalized stroke ...