The predominant Helicobacter pylori strains circulating among geographic locations differ in regard to genomic structure. The association of the cagA-positive, vacA s1 genotypes with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer was reported in Western countries but not in East Asian countries. Strains from Western countries predominantly possessed cagA type 2a, vacA s1a or s1b/m1a, or vacA m2a...

according to the classical economists such as ricardo, labour was considered as the only factor of production; while capital, realized in machinery, tools and the like was identified as the accumulated labour and that inferior lands can be exploited due to the use of labour on them. but, in the long run development of capitalism in the western countries, this idea, i.e. labour as the base of pr...

The future wealth of western industrialized countries like the USA and the European countries will strongly depend on the availability of highly educated people for research and engineering. But already today these countries face a lack of such people. One reason for this is that science and technology is not very attractive for young people. Hand-on experiments and education had been proposed ...

INTRODUCTION Since the beginnings of the modern era, medicine has evolved tremendously. Merely two hundred years ago, American and European medical treatments were generally provided by independent physicians who went from home to home to offer their services. From this form of medicine, often referred to as " bedside medicine " , (1) Western countries started to move towards a more centralized...