Data from experimental model systems and population studies have implicated type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) signaling in many different human cancers. Drugs to disrupt IGF1R function have been developed and are now entering clinical trial. This brief review will identify key areas to consider as these clinical trials move forward.

Using affinity cross-linking techniques, we report the presence of type I IGF and type II IGF receptors in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, a line of cells lacking insulin receptors. The IGF receptors were further characterized by competition binding studies and found to be similar to IGF receptors in other tissue types. In Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, the type I IGF receptor binds IGF-I gr...

The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) is effective in protecting cells from a variety of apoptotic injuries. In 32D murine hemopoietic cells, the IGF-IR sends three separate survival signals, through insulin receptor substrate-1, Shc, and mitochondrial Raf translocation. We report here that these three pathways for survival have a limited redundancy. If one of these pathways i...

conclusions tlr8 rs3764880 and tlr9 rs148805533 polymorphisms may not be risk factors for susceptibility to tuberculosis in a sample of iranian population. larger studies are required to validate our findings. results the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the tlr8 rs3764880 did not differ significantly between ptb and the controls. no significant difference was found between the groups regar...