Economic theory predicts a positive relationship between property rights and economic growth. However, few developing countries have experienced better economic performance after improving their protection of property rights. The following manuscript addresses this puzzle by directly assessing where property rights reforms have been effective. I argue that multiple, reinforcing credibility mech...

Amid the pressure and enthusiasm for researchers to share data, a rapidly growing number of tools and services have emerged. What do we know about the quality of these data? Why does quality matter? And who should be responsible for their quality? We believe an essential measure of data quality is the ability to engage in informed reuse which requires that data are independently understandable ...

Mobile computing has attracted attention of intensive researches during the recent years. Many papers revisit the conventional implementation of distributed computing paradigms for use in this new environment. A key paradigm of the transaction processing is the transaction commitment. A commitment mechanism such as Two Phases Commit (2PC) protocol, a fundamental asset of transactional technolog...

abstract background: committing an error is part of the human nature. no health care provider, despite the mastery of their skills, is immune from committing it. medical error in the labor and obstetrics wards as well as other health units is inevitable and reduces the quality of health care, leading to accident. sometimes these events, like the death of mother, fetus, and newborn, would be bey...

According to these high-tech Othellos, a cooperative approach and a faithful partner are indeed essential ingredients towards the allocation of the huge financial and R&D resources that are required to improve existing EDA technology and develop the new EDA technology that is badly needed as the challenges of nanometer IC designs become more complex. Adultery, besides being a serious relationsh...

Sunni Islam has no supreme legal authority and disagreement by doctors of Islamic law over all issues not clarified by Islamic law is physiological. This is the case with Medically Assisted Reproduction: after an initially critical attitude, tolerance, limited exclusively to homologous practices, is spreading, whilst recourse to heterologous practices is considered on a par with adultery or for...