Studies examining economic hardship consistently have linked family economic hardship to adolescent adjustment via parent and family functioning, but limited attention has been given to adolescents' perceptions of these processes. To address this, the authors investigated the intervening effects of adolescents' perceptions of economic hardship and of parent-adolescent warmth and conflict on the...

This paper examines the relationship between income and the extent of material hardship and explores other factors that might affect hardship. Using panel data from the Women’s Employment Study (WES), we examine the incidence of material hardship from 1997 to 2003 among current and former welfare recipients. We then consider the extent to which alternative income measures are associated with th...

the present study aimed to examine the relationships of patience with life satisfaction, depression, anxiety, mental health, and personality factors, among a group of iranian university students. in doing so, 252 university students (including 123 female and 129 male) filled out “the 3-factor patience scale”, “satisfaction with life scale”, “general health questionnarie-12”, “anxiety and depres...

Overview: We compared experiences of material hardship, including food insecurity, housing instability, and health care access, in families raising children with and without disabilities. Families of children with disabilities experienced significantly greater hardship than families with nondisabled children. As family income rose above the federal poverty level, hardship declined sharply for f...

Children in single-parent families, particularly children born to unmarried parents, are at high risk for experiencing material hardship. Previous research based on cross-sectional data suggests that father involvement, especially visitation, diminishes hardship. This article uses longitudinal data to examine the associations between nonresident fathers' involvement with their children and mate...

BACKGROUND This study examines health-related "hardship financing" in order to get better insights on how poor households finance their out-of-pocket healthcare costs. We define hardship financing as having to borrow money with interest or to sell assets to pay out-of-pocket healthcare costs. METHODS Using survey data of 5,383 low-income households in Orissa, one of the poorest states of Indi...

IMPORTANCE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are common carcinogenic and neurotoxic urban air pollutants. Toxic exposures, including air pollution, are disproportionately high in communities of color and frequently co-occur with chronic economic deprivation. OBJECTIVES We examined whether the association between child IQ and prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons differed betwee...

We used the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study to examine an integrated mediational model linking economic hardship to relationship distress. Depressive symptoms, partner's discord, parenting stress, and coparenting are combined into a joint model linking economic hardship to relationship distress among mothers and fathers in intimate relationships. Although economic hardship is signif...