Pipazethate HCl is a centrally acting non-narcotic antitussive which is infrequently used nowadays. The toxicity of this drug is rarely reported in the literature. We were encountered with a case of accidental ingestion of Pipazethate HCl in a 3-years-old child presented with neurological symptoms in the form of somnolence, disturbed sensorium, respiratory symptoms in the form of respiratory di...

BACKGROUND This report presents results from four preclinical studies evaluating safety and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of liposome bupivacaine following intravascular (intravenous [IV], intra-arterial [IA]), epidural, and intrathecal administration in dogs. METHODS Intravascular administration was initially tested in a pilot study to determine maximum tolerated doses, and then in an expanded stud...

We present a low power (0.66-51.31mW) electrochemical micropump capable of accurate delivery of a diverse assortment of liquid drug formulations within a wide dynamic range of flow rates (0.33 141.9μL/min) suitable for chronic pain management applications. This system rapidly responds to changes in regimen (<1sec) for on-demand control and has an electrochemically based dose tracking system tha...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS the neural mechanisms of distension-induced esophagoupper esophageal sphincter (UES) reflexes have not been explored in humans. We investigated the modulation of these reflexes by mucosal anesthesia, acid exposure, and GABA(B) receptor activation. In 55 healthy human subjects, UES responses to rapid esophageal air insufflation and slow balloon distension were examined before...