Lichen sclerosus, lichen planus, and lichen simplex chronicus are dermatologic conditions that can affect the vulva. Symptoms include vulvar itching, irritation, burning, and pain, which may be chronic or recurrent and can lead to significant physical discomfort and emotional distress that can affect mood and sexual relationships. With symptoms similar to common vaginal infections, women often ...

In this study, the process of anthropic decay on stone materials and on the lithobiontic microbial colonization associated was investigated by means of both laboratory simulation (granite) and field experiments (dolostone ́s historical quarry), all of them stone materials traditionally used in heritage construction. A wide variety of salts including sulphates, phosphates and chlorides resulted f...

Anogenital warts and lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) are rarely seen during the childhood. A 9-year-old girl has been presented to hospital by her parents with itching in the anogenital area. There were anogenital warts and a different erythematous lesion in the perianal region. On the pulpa of the right thumb, there was a wart extending under the nail. The lesions are surgically removed. The re...

Lichens have been used for medicinal purposes throughout the ages, and beneficial claims have to some extent been correlated with their polysaccharide content. Of 13,500 lichen species growing worldwide, less than 100 species have been investigated for polysaccharide content. Lichen polysaccharides are mainly of three different structural types: beta-glucans, alpha-glucans, and galactomannans. ...

Extra-mammary perianal Paget's disease(EPPD) is a rare skin disorder of unknown aetiology, which is frequently associated with malignancy. Here we report a case of recurrent perianal Paget’s disease who had pruritus on that area for years which has no association with a malignancy and comments upon its diagnosis and treatment. The differential diagnosis of pruritus ani includes cutaneous candid...

Latitudinal gradients that involve macroclimatic changes can affect the diversity of several groups of plants and animals. Here we examined the effect of a latitudinal gradient on epiphytic communities on a single host species (Fagus sylvatica) to test the core-periphery theory. The latitudinal span considered, covering two biogeographic regions, is associated with major changes in rainfall dur...

Objective: To review the long-term outcomes for 155 women with a vulvar dystrophy (VD) who attended the Royal Brisbane Hospital Vulvar Clinic between 1976 and 1988. Methods: VD data from Vulvar Diseases Clinic were reviewed and analysed using the computer software Statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 11.0. Results: Of 155 patients 94 had Lichen Sclerosus (LS), 41 Lichen Simplex Ch...

Structure of the Skin Layers of the Skin Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Tissue Innervation and Blood Supply Manifestations of Skin Disorders Lesions, Rashes, and Vascular Disorders Pruritus Variations in Black Skin Skin Damage Caused by Ultraviolet Radiation Ultraviolet Rays Sunburn Drug-Induced Photosensitivity Sunscreens and Other Protective Measures Primary Disorders of the Skin Infectious Pr...