In order to resolve metonymy and other violations of selectional restrictions between lexical items, a language understander must be able to infer relationships that do not have explicit lexical analogs in tile sentence. Although such inferencing has typically been relegated to the world knowledge portion of a natural language processing system, there is also evidence, from both theoretical ana...

this empirical study reports on a cross-linguistic analysis of the overarching issue of l1 lexicalization regarding two (non)-interventionist approaches to vocabulary teaching. participants were seventy four juniors at the islamic azad university, roudehen branch in tehran. the investigation pursued (i) the impact of the provided (non)-interventionist treatments on both sets of (non)-lexicalize...

Complex questions that require inferencing and synthesizing information from multiple documents can be seen as a kind of topicoriented, informative multi-document summarization. In this paper, we have experimented with one empirical and two unsupervised statistical machine learning techniques: kmeans and Expectation Maximization (EM), for computing relative importance of the sentences. However,...

This empirical study reports on a cross-linguistic analysis of the overarching issue of L1 lexicalization regarding two (non)-interventionist approaches to vocabulary teaching. Participants were seventy four juniors at the Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch in Tehran. The investigation pursued (i) the impact of the provided (non)-interventionist treatments on both sets of (non)-lexicalize...

Textual entailment is knowledge that may prove useful for a variety of applications dealing with inferencing over sentences described in natural language texts. This paper proposes a method to calculate the similarity between two text fragments T and H which is based on the TF-IDF algorithm. Similarity calculation, which contains synonymous degree and particular degree, is an important part in ...