inverse modeling is one of the most elegant geophysical tools for obtaining 2-d and 3-d images of geological structure. determination of the geometry of bedrock, by nonlinear inverse modeling of gravity data, is the aim of this paper. the algorithm uses a nonlinear iterative procedure for simulation of bedrock geometry. at the first step, the nonlinear problem changes to a linear problem by a p...

Land leveling is one of the most important steps in soil preparation and cultivation. Although land leveling with machines requires considerable amount of energy, it delivers a suitable surface slope with minimal soil deterioration as well as damage to plants and other organisms in the soil. Notwithstanding, in recent years researchers have tried to reduce fossil fuel consumption and its delete...

There has been increasing interest over the last few years in the use of radar interferometry for land subsidence evaluation/monitoring. InSAR time series algorithms such as PSI and small baseline methods offer the possibility to measure ground displacements to a degree of accuracy comparable to traditional geodetic technique such as leveling. This preliminary work reveals the potential of time...

The geoid-to-quasigeoid correction has been traditionally computed approximately as a function of the planar Bouguer gravity anomaly and the topographic height. Recent numerical studies based on newly developed theoretical models, however, indicate that the computation of this correction using the approximate formula yields large errors especially in mountainous regions with computation points ...

In radar images, point scatterers provide reflections that can often be attributed to a single physical object, usually smaller than the resolution cell size. Stable point scatterers with high backscatter coefficients through time (mainly ’man-made features’) are potential targets for InSAR deformation analysis. A-priori knowledge about the observation statistics of InSAR point scatterer measur...

Land leveling is one of the most important steps in soil preparation and cultivation. Although land leveling with machines requires considerable amount of energy, it delivers a suitable surface slope with minimal soil deterioration as well as damage to plants and other organisms in the soil. Notwithstanding, in recent years researchers have tried to reduce fossil fuel consumption and its delete...

OBJECTIVE To define the mean intraindividual biological variation in urinary concentrations of cadmium and retinol binding protein (RBP) in untimed, random urine samples and the influence of creatinine or specific gravity correction on reducing this variation. The relation between biological variation and analytical variation in defining uncertainty in a single measurement and significant diffe...