OBJECTIVE Compare levator ani cross-sectional area as a function of prolapse and muscle defect status. METHODS Thirty women with prolapse and 30 women with normal pelvic support were selected from an ongoing case-control study of prolapse. For each of the two groups, 10 women were selected from three categories of levator defect severity: none, minor, and major identified on supine magnetic r...

Aims: To describe the aetiology, demography, surgical management, and outcome of a cohort of paediatric ptosis patients in a large tertiary referral oculoplastic centre. Methods: A case note review of all patients undergoing ptosis surgery below the age of 16 years in a tertiary referral oculoplastic unit documenting the laterality, aetiology, severity of ptosis, indications for and type of sur...

BACKGROUND Levator trauma is common in parous women. We have recently found a relationship with age at first vaginal delivery in women seen before and after childbirth. AIMS To examine women presenting with symptoms of pelvic floor disorders for such an association. METHODS Eight hundred and one women were prospectively seen for an interview, clinical examination (including for levator inte...

BACKGROUND It is challenging to manage congenital blepharoptosis, especially unilateral, because symmetry is difficult to achieve under general anesthesia and age at which the ptosis should be corrected is still controversial. The aim of our study is to analyze visual and surgical outcomes after levator resection for unilateral congenital blepharoptosis. METHODS Charts of patients with unilat...

Abstract. Defective pelvic organ support due to injuries of the levator ani is a common problem in women and its intervention requires a thorough understanding of the structure. Three-dimensional surfaces of the levator ani have proved to be a promising method of studying this. In this paper, we propose to build a statistical shape model (SSM) of the levator ani and describe a segmentation tech...

Surgery to create eyelid folds accounts for the highest percentage of surgeries in Asians and Koreans who receive the surgery on the upper eyelid 2 to 3 times during their lifetimes for functional or cosmetic reasons. Patients are generally satisfied with the results-the eyes becoming brighter and bigger via the improvement of pseudoptosis by fold creation. The recent trend is to seek the "perf...

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a complex phenomenon that is prevalent in pregnant and parous women and requires the use of sophisticated measures to adequately reflect functioning of the continence system. The purpose of this study was to develop reliable and valid measures of UI and levator ani function for use in research and clinical settings. A Leakage Index (LI) and a Levator Ani Function In...