We report a patient with acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis with a focus on serial MR imaging findings. Initial MR imaging of a 42-year-old woman revealed a 2.5-cm focal nonhemorrhagic lesion in the left thalamus and internal capsule. Twenty-four days later, fever and altered consciousness developed, and MR imaging showed huge masslike lesions in both frontal lobes, mainly involving the white ...

Idiopathic inflammatory diseases or inflammatory disturbances of unknown etiology are involved in the incidence of brain diseases in dogs. Breed-specific necrotizing encephalitis (NE), such as necrotizing meningoencephalitis and necrotizing leukoencephalitis, has been recognized as an important neuropathological identity in different small-sized dog breeds. Granulomatous meningoencephalomyeliti...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, debilitating condition characterized by inflammation of the colonic mucosa. It is regarded as a systemic inflammatory disorder that can affect a number of organ systems. Central nervous system disease associated with UC is a rare sequela of inflammatory bowel disease, occurring in less than 5% of cases. These manifestations include arterial and venous throm...

A 4-year-old female Maltese (case 1), a 9-year-old castrated male shih tzu (case 2) and 2-year-old female Pomeranian (case 3) presented with neurological signs, such as head tilt, ataxia, circling and paresis. The three cases were tentatively diagnosed as having meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology based on computed tomography scan and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. All patients were managed ...

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a rare demyelinating disease characterized by an acute rapidly progressive fulminant inflammation of the white matter. In this case report, we introduce a case of AHLE in children with an interesting and lengthy process and successful treatment. A previously healthy 13-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of fever and loss of conscious...

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a member of the genus morbillivirus, which is known to cause a variety of disorders in dogs including demyelinating leukoencephalitis (CDV-DL). In recent years, substantial progress in understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of CDV-DL has been made. In vivo and in vitro investigations provided new insights into its pathogenesis with special emphasis on axon-mye...

Aseptic and noninfectious diseases of the central nervous system are being recognized with increasing frequency. After multiple episodes of neurologic illness, this 7-year-old Weimaraner dog was euthanatized and submitted for postmortem examination. Lesions in the central nervous system were found mainly in the white matter of the cerebral cortex and cervical spinal cord and represented acute a...