Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) include over-the-counter prescription drugs, veterinary fragrances, cosmetics. PPCPs have been detected in aquatic environments at low concentrations are emerging as contaminants of concern. primarily released into via untreated sewage, wastewater treatment plants, landfill leachate can affect life through persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity...

Interleukin (IL)-12 is thought to be a key factor for the induction of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), a cytokine essential for the lethal effects of endotoxin. We report here on the release of the nonfunctional subunit of IL-12, p40, as well as biologically active heterodimeric IL-12, p70, after administration of a lethal (n = 5) or sublethal (n = 8) dose of live Escherichia coli to baboons. Rem...

Only a small percentage of insect species are pests. However, pest species cause significant losses in agricultural and forest crops, and many are vectors of diseases. Currently, many scientists are focused on developing new tools to control insect populations, including secondary plant metabolites, e.g., alkaloids, glycoalkaloids, terpenoids, organic acids and alcohols, which show promise for ...

For several foodborne bacterial pathogens, an acid tolerance response appears to be an important strategy for counteracting acid stress imposed either during food processing or by the human host. The acid tolerance response enhances bacterial survival of lethal acid challenge following prior exposure to sublethal acidic conditions. Previous studies have revealed relationships between a foodborn...

Lethal and sub-lethal effects of a novel sulfoximine insecticide, sulfoxaflor, against Asian citrus psyllid and its primary parasitoid under laboratory and field conditions Gurpreet S. Brar, Xavier Martini & Lukasz L. Stelinski To cite this article: Gurpreet S. Brar, Xavier Martini & Lukasz L. Stelinski (2017) Lethal and sublethal effects of a novel sulfoximine insecticide, sulfoxaflor, against...

the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae) is one of the most important agricultural pests of the world. it causes direct and indirect damage on plants which decreases in photosynthesis and crop yield. the effect of sublethal concentrations of artemisia annua l. (asteraceae) and rosmarinus officinalis l. (lamiaceae) essential oils were assessed on development a...

Objective: The toxic effects of sublethal concentrations of endosulfan on Oreochromis niloticus was examined using bioaccumulation and histopathology studies of the liver as toxicological endpoint.  Methods: The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development #407 recommended static renewal bioassay was employed during the test .The test fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrat...

Two experiments were conducted testing for lethal and sublethal effects of the transgenicproteinsCry1Acandchitinase, and thechemical seedand soil treatment imidaclopridonbumble bees (Bombus occidentalis Greene and B. impatiens Cresson, Hymenoptera: Apidae). In the Þrst experiment, B. occidentalis colonies were exposed to realistic residue levels of Cry1Ac, chitinase, and imidacloprid found in p...