Leishmaniasis is the third most important vector-borne disease worldwide. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe and frequently lethal protozoan disease of increasing incidence and severity due to infected human and dog migration, new geographical distribution of the insect due to global warming, coinfection with immunosuppressive diseases, and poverty. The disease is an anthroponosis in India...

An inoculation of virulent Leishmania major is known as leishmanization (LZ) which is proven to be the most effective control measure against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL). However, using LZ is restricted due to various side effects such as uncontrolled lesion development. In the present research, the efficacy of cationic nanoliposomes containing CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) as an improve...

background: personnel of military forces have close contact with natural habitat and usually encounter with bite of arthropods and prone to be infected with arthropod borne diseases. the imposed war against iran was one of the most important and the longest war in the middle east and even in the world and military people faced various diseases. the aim of this study was to review prevalence of ...

BACKGROUND Post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a disease that appears after treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The highest incidence of PKDL in the world is in Sudan. Many patients heal spontaneously within 6 months but those who don't are difficult to treat, often requiring months of daily injections. These patients harbour parasite in their skin and are believed to be a sourc...

Background: Post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a disease that appears after treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The highest incidence of PKDL in the world is in Sudan. Many patients heal spontaneously within 6 months but those who don't are difficult to treat, often requiring months of daily injections. These patients harbour parasite in their skin and are believed to be a sour...