Background: Islam as a comprehensive religion rooted in human nature and revealed in order to respond to basic human needs has broadened the ethics of its criminal policy to include crime, crime and punishment. In keeping with each other and with the other rules of this religion, it has set guidelines and values ​​based on ethics and principles for avoiding crime in the community if the Prophet...

Most modern societies have adopted centralized rules of legal punishment to promote collaborative behavior. Among other advantages, a centralized institutional punisher can unilaterally decide the rate at which legal rules evolve relative to the social behavior being regulated. Legal and political theorists disagree over whether or not law should evolve more slowly than social behavior. Some sc...

The paper addresses the implementation of legal rules in online virtual world software. The development is performed within a peer-to-peer virtual world platform in the frame of the FP7 VirtualLife project. The goal of the project is to create a serious, secure and legally ruled collaboration environment. The novelty of the platform is an in-world legal framework, which is real world compliant....

Appellate courts, which have the most control over legal doctrine, tend to operate through collegial (multimember) decision making. How does this collegiality affect their choice of legal doctrine? Can decisions by appellate courts be expected to result in a meaningful collegial rule? How do such collegial rules differ from the rules of individual judges? We explore these questions and show tha...

In this paper we reflect on the legal frameworks which affect three-dimensional virtual worlds. Here visualisation and symbolisation precede formalisation on the way to construction and legal knowledge representation. Thus visualisation of virtual world issues can have a favourable effect on modelling, formal representation and implementation. The paper also identifies a legal informatics appro...

Legal texts are the foundational resource where to discover rules and norms that feed into different concrete (often XML-based) Web applications. Legislative documents provide general norms and specific procedural rules for eGovernment and eCommerce environments, while contracts specify the conditions of services and business rules (e.g. service level agreements for cloud computing), and judgme...

This abstract presents RAWE, a Web editor for helping the legal knowledge engineer marking up legal document’s using the Akoma Ntoso [2][13] XML standard, and also to model legal rules using a logic formalism and convert them into LegalRuleML [1][11]. The main goal of the RAWE Web editor is to provide a tool capable of managing in an integrated way the legal source text and the legal rules. It ...

trade secrets has an important role in economic growth and development of economic competition. however ,one of the challenges in this sphere is the emergence of economice spionag. increasing growth of economic espionage causes to emerge a new phenomenon which is called information terrorism. so the mechanism of protection of the trade secretsincivil and criminal law is necessary for economic g...