for the reason of religious and legal principles contradictions, principles and concepts of installments purchasing in iran are totally different from what is common practice in the western countries. not having appropriate accounting standards, iran's current methods of accounting is based on that of the uk and usa. in this article, the principles and concepts of installment purchasing in...

This paper discusses the security requirements of a centralized, unique electronic health record. The requirements are based on the well known principles of confidentiality and integrity, and the less discussed principles of control and legal value. Among the non-standard ethical principles, we argue that patients should not have the right to change or read their health records, against, for ex...

Public health and private providers and facilities may shape the future of the US health system by engaging in new ways to deliver care to patients. "Accountable care" contracts allow private health care and public health providers and facilities to collaboratively serve defined populations. Accountable care frameworks emphasize health care quality and cost savings, among other goals. In this a...

Postal voting was established in Germany in 1956. Based on the legal latitude of the national legislator, the Federal Constitutional Court confirmed the constitutionality of postal voting several times. In contrast, the constitutionality of electronic voting machines, which were used for federal elections from 2002 to 2005, was rejected as the possibility to control the essential steps in the e...

Lawyers and the legal system have been much criticized in recent years. Despite popular perceptions, the legal system contains numerous mechanisms and rules designed to ensure fair results. This paper shows how the legal system tries to implement, in commercial transactions, the ethical principles of truthfulness and fairness. The AngloAmerican development of Equity Courts is reviewed briefly. ...

Exceptions to legal rules often represent a step outside the bounds of existing law, specifically, outside the bounds of the rules and principles to which they are exceptions, and their creation is therefore often an exercise of true judicial power—the ability to act unfettered by preexisting legal constraint. Professor Frederick Schauer, in his paper Exceptions, largely ignores this intuition....