The specific characteristics of genetic data lead to ethical-legal conflicts in the framework of genetic diagnosis. Several international organisations, including UNESCO and the Council of Europe, have enacted rules referring to the use of genetic information. This paper discusses possible legal and ethical criteria that could be used in genetic testing.

A comparative study was conducted in this work in order to investigate the current situation in the Nile river basin (NRB) regarding the institutional and legal arrangements needed to support the adaptive integrated water resources management (AIWRM) strategy. Two similar river basins were selected to achieve this comparison and to introduce suggestions to reform the current situation in the ba...

Public sector procurement should be a transparent and fair process. Strict legal requirements are enforced on public sector procurement to make it a standardised process. To make fair decisions on selecting suppliers, a practical method which adheres to legal requirements is important. The research that is the base for this paper aimed at identifying a suitable Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis ...

This paper presents an aspect of the ongoing research at the University of Michigan aiming to analyze the status of e-commerce in the construction industry. It identifies impediments and challenges, and research solutions for the identified challenges. The focus is on risk management and legal challenges for e-commerce in construction. Very little, if any, research exists on this area in constr...

The criteria governing medical treatment without consent in the three legal jurisdictions of the UK - England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland - is discussed.

bioethics is a novel branch in the field of applied normative ethics that analyze challenges and problems resulted from creation and development of new biotechnology. nowadays necessity of prohibition in some scope of bioethics is attracted by some legalists and moralists. in this direction, one of the related issue about bioethics is use of penal sanctions protecting these prohibitions. there ...

in all legal systems, it’s essential to know the nature of fault due to the absolute responsibility of a salesman or producer, on the one hand, and the possibility of receiving compensation on the other hand. in islamic law, this absolute responsibility is interpreted as ḍamān (indemnification); therefore, this ḍamān that is our subject of discussion in option of defect, is taken into considera...

Clinical emergencies necessitate immediate action to avert the danger to the patient's life or health. Emergency patients might be in greatest need of novel therapies, and even presumed willing to assume some risk, but research into emergency conditions should be conducted under commonly accepted principles that fulfil the scientific, ethical, and legal criteria. Such criteria already exist in ...