in most legal systems of the world, the rule of multi-title offences is an accepted one whereby the punishment is the most serious when an act can come under a number of offence titles. however, it is subtly related to some other legal concepts such as specificity, contradiction, inclusion, appropriation and forcive judges. in most of time, distinguish between them is confused which can have se...

After graduating from college, almost all fresh graduates usually experience adilemma caused by the limitations or suitability of their competencies andopportunities, coupled with presence Covid-19 pandemic. The commonopportunities chosen include waiting for momentum CPNS test, selecting BUMN employees, becoming private and continuing studies to S2 level. However, this is not case Start Upwhich...

BACKGROUND The rights of women and people living with HIV (PLHIV) are protected under South African law, yet there is a gap in the application of these laws. While there are numerous systemic and social barriers to women's and PLHIV's exercise of their legal rights and rights to access social services, there has been little effort to document these barriers as well as legal needs and knowledge ...

This paper describes recent approaches using text-mining to automatically profile and extract arguments from legal cases. We outline some of the background context and motivations. We then turn to consider issues related to the construction and composition of a corpora of legal cases. We show how a Context-Free Grammar can be used to extract arguments, and how ontologies and Natural Language Pr...