A major coronary artery crossing the right ventricular outflow tract in patients with tetralogy of Fallot interferes with a transannular patch, and preoperative detection of this artery is important. We evaluated the ability of two-dimensional echocardiography to define noninvasively the coronary artery anatomy in 37 consecutive patients (age range, 1 day to 18 years; mean age, 40.9 months). Th...

Dual left anterior descending coronary artery is a rare congenital anomaly with 4 subtypes. Double left anterior descending coronary artery originating from the left main stem and the right coronary artery (type IV dual left anterior descending artery) has been reported to occur in 0.01% to 0.7% of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman who was foun...

The loss of coronary vasodilator reserve after ischemia-reperfusion may be due to endothelial injury, and this vascular dysfunction may contribute to functional alterations observed after ischemia. To determine whether endothelial dysfunction occurs after relatively brief periods of moderate low-flow ischemia in vivo, open-chest swine were subjected to 15 minutes of critical, subtotal left ante...

Introduction: Although left anterior descending (LAD) artery supplies a large portion of the myocardium, the amount of blood supply provided by LAD is depended on the length of the LAD. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between coronary artery dominance and LAD anatomic types in patients with normal epicardial coronary arteries. Methods:...

aneurysms of the left main coronary artery are exceedingly rare clinical entities, encountered incidentally in approximately 0.1% of patients who undergo routine angiography. the most common cause of coronary artery aneurysms is atherosclerosis. angiography is the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment. depending on the severity of the coexisting coronary stenosis, patients with left main co...

spontaneous coronary artery dissection (scad) is a rare condition that can result in unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden death. this condition may occur particularly in women during late pregnancy and in the postpartum period. we present the case of a 33-year-old african american woman, who had spontaneous left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) dissection two weeks ...