In this paper we carry out a semi-analytic general relativistic study of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) jet that is breaking cocoon or stellar envelope. We solve hydrodynamic equations with the equation state takes care fluid composition. short GRBs, approach required to account for curved spacetime in strong gravity. The piercing through resembles de Laval nozzle and may go recollimation shock transit...

We report on a new instrument that allows for the investigation of weakly-bound molecular aggregates under equilibrium conditions (constant temperature and pressure). The aggregates are formed in a Laval nozzle and probed with time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the uniform postnozzle flow; i.e. in the equilibrium region of the flow. Aggregates over a very broad size range from the monomer to p...

A recently reported intermolecular potential for SF6, featuring exchange, dispersion, and electrostatic terms, is used to determine minimum energy structures of homogeneous SF6 clusters up to the decamer. By adding appropriate interaction terms, also structures of mixed (SF6)2-Arn clusters are calculated. A second order line shift formalism, treating the anharmonic intramolecular force field an...

Supersonic separation technology is a new natural gas sweetening method for the treatment of with high CO2 (carbon dioxide) content. The structures Laval nozzle and supersonic separator were designed, mathematical models condensation swirling CO2-CH4 mixture established. characteristics in condensed droplets under different inlet pressures studied. results show that higher pressure larger dropl...

Acoustic analogues of black holes (dumb holes) are generated when a supersonic fluid flow entrains sound waves and forms a trapped region from which sound cannot escape. The surface of no return, the acoustic horizon, is qualitatively very similar to the event horizon of a general relativity black hole. In particular Hawking radiation (a thermal bath of phonons with temperature proportional to ...

Proper estimation of droplet growth rate plays a crucial role on appropriate prediction of supersonic separators performance for separation of fine droplets from a gas stream. Up to now, all available researches employ empirical or semi-empirical correlations to define the relationship between droplet growth rate (dr/dt) and other operating variables such as temperatures (T and TL), Pressure (P...