Pillow lava rims from the Mesoarchean Barberton Greenstone Belt in South Africa contain micrometer-scale mineralized tubes that provide evidence of submarine microbial activity during the early history of Earth. The tubes formed during microbial etching of glass along fractures, as seen in pillow lavas from recent oceanic crust. The margins of the tubes contain organic carbon, and many of the p...

. . . [T]he thing is, we treat racism in this country like it’s a style that America went through. Like flared legs and lava lamps. Oh, that crazy thing we did.We were hanging black people. We treat it like a fad instead of a disease that eradicates millions of people. You’ve got to get it at a lab, and study it, and see its origins, and see what it’s immune to and what breaks it down. (Chris R...

The surficial deposits surrounding the Mount Meager volcanic complex include numerous avalanche deposits. These deposits share many attributes: (a) they are nearly monolithologic and comprise mainly intermediate volcanic rock clasts, (b) they lack internal structure, and (c) they are very poorly sorted. Despite these similarities, the avalanche deposits represent two distinct processes. Mass wa...

Landslides are caused by changes in the structure of subsurface materials on steep slopes due to weathered rock conditions and soil pores saturated conditions. This study used geoelectric resistivity method identify type landslide-susceptible areas Pacet-Trawas road corridor, Pacet District, Mojokerto Regency. The research location was an area with undulating mountainous morphology. geoelectric...

This research focuses on the identification and description of various features of pseudokarst in different parts of Alvand granitic batholith, Hamedan, west of Iran. In the literature, karst features have been presented as specific types of terrain or landscapes with particular characteristics suites of well-known surface and subsurface dissolutional forms. Whereas, pseudokarst refers to non-d...

Tuffisites are veins of variably sintered, pyroclastic particles that form in conduits and lava domes as a result of localized fragmentation events during gas-and-ash explosions. Those observed in-situ on the active 2012 lava dome of Volcán de Colima range from voids with intra-clasts showing little movement and interpreted to be failure-nuclei, to sub-parallel lenses of sintered granular aggre...

Introduction: Lava flow surface morphology results from processes that occur during emplacement. Features such as tumuli and lava rises are indicators of flow inflation [1]. Tumuli in particular have been identified as possible indicators of lava tube location [2-5], indicating that their distribution on the surface of a lava flow is a function of the internal pathways of lava present during fl...

Microrefuges provide microclimates decoupled from inhospitable regional climate regimes that enable range-peripheral populations to persist and are important to cold-adapted species in an era of accelerated climate change. However, identifying and describing the thermal characteristics of microrefuge habitats is challenging, particularly for mobile organisms in cryptic, patchy habitats. We exam...