The Drosophila tracheal system is a stereotypical network of interconnected tubes that supplies air to all cells of the organism. Initially, ten tracheal placodes are defined on both sides of the embryo, each consisting of 20 cells. The placodes undergo two rounds of division, giving rise to the final number of tracheal cells. All subsequent events of tracheal morphogenesis and branch migration...

The formation of the tracheal network in Drosophila is driven by stereotyped migration of cells from the tracheal pits. No cell divisions take place during tracheal migration and the number of cells in each branch is fixed. This work examines the basis for the determination of tracheal branch fates, prior to the onset of migration. We show that the EGF receptor pathway is activated by localized...

UNLABELLED Intraneural ganglion cysts are rare in occurrence and most commonly involve the peroneal nerve at the fibular neck. We present a case of a traumatically induced intraneural ganglion cyst of the sural nerve that developed after a nondisplaced posterior malleolus ankle fracture. The intraneural ganglion cyst was connected to the subtalar joint by its articular branch and ascended sever...

Using deconvolution microscopy, we visualized in real time fibrin network formation in the hydrated state. Individual mobile fibers were observed before the gel point determined by eye. After gelation, an initial fibrin network was seen, which evolved over time by addition of new fibers and elongation and branching of others. Furthermore, some fibers in the network moved for a time. We quantifi...

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Yogesh Sontakke, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Academic Centre, JIPMER, Puducherry, India. 605006. Mobile: 7489164644 E-Mail: [email protected] Anatomical knowledge of variations of brachial plexus and the axillary artery is very vital in surgeries of axilla and shoulder. In an adult male cadaver, during routine Anatomy dissection, we found ...

BACKGROUND The optimum number of microvascular anastomoses for safe free tissue transfer is controversial. Although the case for 2 venous anastomoses versus 1 anastomosis has been argued, the use of an additional arterial anastomosis has not been examined in detail. METHODS Twelve patients who underwent 2 arterial anastomoses for a free flap transfer were identified retrospectively from the m...

Lesions located in an arterial bifurcation have traditionally been a challenge for percutaneous coronary intervention. At the time when balloon angioplasty was being used, these interventions were associated with increased risk of vascular occlusion, especially in the lateral branch, and also with a higher rate of restenosis. Suboptimal results in the main vessel, which sometimes had to be acce...

The present case report describes a rare finding of dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve which originated from the junction of upper fourth and lower three fourth of the forearm, passed between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris and then descended along the medial border of the extensor surface forearm in the superficial fascia. On the dorsal aspect of the wrist, it divided into two branches, a ...

A vocal tract model for an American English /l/ production with lateral channels and a supralingual side branch has been developed. Acoustic modeling of an /l/ production using MRIderived vocal tract dimensions shows that both the lateral channels and the supralingual side branch contribute to the production of zeros in the F3 to F5 frequency range, thereby resulting in pole-zero clusters aroun...