BACKGROUND The protein tyrosine phosphatase family comprises transmembrane receptor-like and cytosolic forms. Although the exact biological functions of these enzymes are largely unknown, they are believed to counter-balance the effects of protein tyrosine kinases. We have previously identified and characterized a mammalian transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase, called LAR (leukocyte commo...

The identities of ligands interacting with protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) receptors to regulate neurite outgrowth remain mainly unknown. Analysis of cDNA and genomic clones encoding the rat leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) PTP receptor predicted a small, approximately 11 kDa ectodomain isoform, designated LARFN5C, containing a novel N terminal followed by a C-terminal segment of the L...

BACKGROUND Receptor tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are essential for axon guidance and synaptogenesis in Drosophila. Each guidance decision made by embryonic motor axons during outgrowth to their muscle targets requires a specific subset of the five neural RPTPs. The logic underlying these requirements, however, is still unclear, partially because the ligands recognized by RPTPs at growth cone c...

Antimalarial chloroquine (CQ) prevents haematin detoxication when CQ-base concentrates in the acidic digestive vacuole through protonation of its p-aminopyridine (pAP) basic aromatic nitrogen and sidechain diethyl-N. CQ export through the variant vacuolar membrane export channel, PFCRT, causes CQ-resistance in Plasmodium falciparum but 3-methyl CQ (sontochin SC), des-ethyl amodiaquine (DAQ) and...

The multiprotein complexes that receive and transmit axon pathfinding cues during development are essential to circuit generation. Here, we identify and characterize the Drosophila sterile α-motif (SAM) domain-containing protein Caskin, which shares homology with vertebrate Caskin, a CASK [calcium/calmodulin-(CaM)-activated serine-threonine kinase]-interacting protein. Drosophila caskin (ckn) i...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis, a hallmark of advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Transient oxidation and inactivation of protein-tyrosine phosphatases play a critical role in cellular response to ROS production. However, the function of leukocyte antigen-related (LAR) protein-tyrosine phosphatase in ROS signaling is not known. T...

INTRODUCTION The incidence of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is increasing, and patients with this disease have particularly poor prognoses. Treatment options are limited, and survival times have not improved in the past decade. METHODS A post hoc analysis of the efficacy and tolerability of everolimus plus octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR) was conducted in patients with colore...

PURPOSE Robotic surgery is expected to have advantages over laparoscopic surgery; however, there are limited data regarding the feasibility of robotic surgery for rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Therefore, we evaluated the short-term outcomes of robotic surgery for rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-three patients with cT3N0-2 rectal cancer after preoperativ...

The structure of the human leukocyte-common antigen-related molecule (LAR) protein tyrosine phosphatase gene was elucidated using phage and cosmid genomic DNA clones. The LAR gene is composed of 33 exons spanning over 85 kilobase pairs. Exon 2 encodes the signal sequence and the first four amino acids in the mature LAR protein. The three immunoglobulin-like domains are encoded by exons 3-7, and...

A human gene (LAR) that hybridizes to mouse leukocyte common antigen cDNA under relaxed hybridization conditions was isolated. The LAR gene is expressed in a broad range of cells, including T lymphocytes, kidney, and prostate cells. The structure of the protein encoded by the LAR gene was deduced by determining the nucleotide sequences of a 7.7-kb LAR cDNA. The putative LAR protein is composed ...