To mimic the two-signal requirements for T cell activation mediated by ligands, we exposed the superantigens SEA or SEE (signal 1) to T cells incubated with HLA-DR/LFA-3 or HLA-DR/B7-1-CHO transfected cells (signal 2). LFA-3 costimulation was able to induce T cell proliferation as well as IFN-gamma and IL-4 production at similar levels as in cells induced by B7-1. Analysis of the CD28RE of the ...

assessment of rangeland ecological characteristics have been proposed as an important factor in reviewing and monitoring the effects of various management measures and it demands different tools for quantifying and offering a reasonable criterion for comparison of different managements. for this purpose, the landscape function analysis (lfa) method is capable of displaying the structural and fu...

BACKGROUND Activation of the immune system in terms of subseptic conditions during liver regeneration is of paramount clinical importance. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms and their mediators that control hepatocyte proliferation. We sought to determine the functional role of immune cells, especially NKT cells, in response to partial hepatectomy (PH), and to uncover the impac...

Various factors lead to increased woody species density, biomass and cover (so-called ‘bush encroachment’) that influence ecosystem functioning services in semi-arid rangelands. Ultimately, bush encroachment has adverse effects on human livelihoods. An understanding of bush-encroached rangelands could contribute improved management, conservation restoration. This study, therefore, aimed determi...

In this paper we present a geometric multigrid method with Jacobi and Vanka relaxation for hybridized embedded discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of the Laplacian. We local Fourier analysis (LFA) two-grid error-propagation operator show that applied to an (EDG) discretization is almost as efficient when continuous discretization. furthermore EDG outperforms (HDG) Numerical examples verify o...

Recently, we have demonstrated that antibodies that block the function of the beta2-integrin leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) completely abrogate the rapid mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) with colony-forming and radioprotective capacity induced by interleukin-8 (IL-8) in mice. These findings suggested a direct inhibitory effect of these antibodies on LFA-1-me...

NK cell cytotoxicity requires two positive signals for killing of tumors. Activation receptors induce polarization of the microtubule organization center and degranulation, while leukocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 is required for conjugate formation and actin polymerization and under some circumstances may be sufficient for NK cell cytotoxicity. Although the receptor for direct killi...

Exosomes are secreted vesicles formed in late endocytic compartments. Mature dendritic cells (DCs) secrete exosomes bearing functional MHC-peptide complexes and high levels of ICAM-1. Such exosomes can activate Ag-specific naive T cells but only after recapture by recipient APCs. In this study, we addressed the molecular mechanisms of interaction between exosomes and recipient DCs. We show that...

Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) is an environmental monitoring technique which is internationally recognized as a method of measuring and monitoring ecosystem function and rehabilitation progress. Airborne hyperspectral data were used to generate maps of the three Landscape Function Analysis (LFA) Indices over a 5 x 20 km area of a rehabilitated bauxite mine in southwestern Australia. The tec...

Blast-1 is a human activation-associated glycoprotein expressed on the surface of leukocytes. Analysis of a translated sequence from a Blast-1 cDNA reveals a single hydrophobic sequence which could traverse the plasma membrane, but is devoid of charged residues that might represent a cytoplasmic tail. Consistent with this characteristic, Blast-1 is demonstrated here to be anchored to the cell s...