BACKGROUND We examined the effects of combined resistance and aerobic training on land versus combined resistance and aerobic training in water in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS Thirty-four patients were randomly assigned to land exercise (LE, n = 12), water exercise (WE, n = 12), and control (n = 10) groups. The LE group trained 4 times per week, twice with aerobic exercise a...

Expert opinion considers the referral of people with osteoarthritis (OA) for physiotherapy to be a core component of managing the functional disability and pain of the disease. Clinical guidelines for the physiotherapy management of people with OA focus on three main areas: exercise, pain relief, and specific manual therapy techniques. Land-based group and individual physiotherapy exercise prog...

The focus in this issue is on standardisation in the cadastral domain. A cadastral system entails land registration (the 'administrative/legal component'), and georeferenced cadas-tral mapping (the 'spatial/surveying component'). Together these components facilitate land administration, and a land-registry/cadastral system provides the environment within which the process takes place. In this e...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether land-based therapeutic exercise is beneficial for people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in terms of reduced joint pain or improved physical function and quality of life. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched, up until May 2013. Randomised clinical trials comparing some form of land-based therapeutic exercise with a non-exercise control were selected. Th...

PURPOSE to compare the blood pressure and oxygen consumption (VO(2)) responses between pregnant and non-pregnant women, during cycle ergometer exercise on land and in water. METHODS ten pregnant (27 to 29 weeks of gestation) and ten non-pregnant women were enrolled. Two cardiopulmonary tests were performed on a cycle ergometer (water and land) at the heart rate corresponding to VO(2), over a ...

The question of whether pulmonary edema develops during exercise on land is controversial. Yet, the development of pulmonary edema during swimming and diving is well established. This paper addresses the current controversies that exist in the field of exercise-induced pulmonary edema on land and with water immersion. It also discusses the mechanisms by which pulmonary edema can develop during ...

BACKGROUND systemic arterial hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease; physical activity for hypertensive patients is related to several beneficial cardiovascular adaptations. This paper evaluated the effect of water- and land-ergometry exercise sessions on post-exercise hypotension (PEH) of healthy normotensive subjects versus treated or untreated hypertensive patients. METH...

AIM Few studies have been conducted investigating the psychological benefits of exercise during pregnancy. Additionally, hormonal and cardiovascular responses to water-based and land-based exercise in pregnant women are different. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of a single bout of exercise on the mood of pregnant women participating in an aqua- or studio-based exercise class c...

This study compared the effects of 2 types of water exercise programs on balance ability in the elderly. Thirty healthy elderly persons (60.7 +/- 4.1 yr) were randomly assigned to a deep-water-running exercise (DWRE, n = 15) group or a normal water exercise (NWE, n = 15) group. The participants completed a twice-weekly water exercise intervention for 12 wk. Exercise sessions comprised a 10-min ...