recent studies in scientific education as well as foreign and second language instruction suggest that thinking has rarely been an integral part of education and training in classroom. some scholars decried the lack of emphasis on thinking in the institutes and schools. they noted that memorization and drills were rewarded,while inquiry, reflection, and consideration of alternatives were frowne...

Nowadays, the necessity for employing IT and paving the ground for electronic managing of the cities across the nation and utilizing such knowledge for regulating urban issues, with regard to demanding responsibilities of urban management, especially the municipality, is quite clear to all. Such a necessity better manifests itself when we become aware of the fact that, for the time being, many ...

Background and Objectives: The duty of every healthcare system worldwide, is to address needs and problems associated with community health. The current study was performed aiming at identifying and prioritizing the most important needs of Jamkaran village in Qom province and providing applied and useful interventional suggestions in order to solve the problems of the village.   Methods: In a ...

Background and Aim:  Community assessment is a process by which a clear picture of the community assets, strengths, resources, and needs is obtained with active participation of the community itself, followed by prioritization of the community needs and formulating strategies and programs to solve the problems. This study was conducted to identify and prioritize problems and needs of the Azerba...

Aims & backgrounds: Over time, cities are confronted with a number of natural and artificial problems such as lack of green and open spaces, high density and lack of recreational spaces, which in some cases can be reasonably efficient use of subsurface spaces. Builders of subsurface space are the urban development catalyst. Methodology: The purpose of this study is qualitative and fundament...

Background and purpose: The primary health care program for the suburbs is being implemented in Iran after the Health Transformation Plan where services are delivered with the priority of outsourcing and purchasing services from non-governmental sectors. In this program, different payment methods have been used. This study aimed at addressing the challenges associated with payments made to urba...

this research is a study on indicators of listening instruction in iranian english as a foreign language (efl) curriculum at guidance school and high school educational levels. this thesis aims at determining: a) the indicators of listening instruction at guidance school and high school efl curriculum. b) the indicators of listening instruction in irans guidance school and high school efl curri...