Human capital investments are frequently suggested as a policy measure to cope with smaller and older labor forces caused by demographic change across Europe. However, the availability composition of human is fundamentally intertwined structures, especially at regional level. This article analyzes how aging related for German regions between 2000 2010. The findings show that force associated lo...

Input-output relationship, marginal productivity and marginal rate of technical substitution provide a useful insight about the potentiality of manufacturing firms. This study analyzes these important issues to describe the optimality in resource utilization of the manufacturing firms in the south-west region of Bangladesh. A translog production function has been estimated to describe the input...

We decompose labor productivity growth into components attributable to technological change, technological catch-up, foreign capital deepening, domestic capital deepening, and human capital accumulation, thus separating the effects of foreign and domestic capital deepening on productivity growth and convergence. We apply nonparametric production-frontier methods to a worldwide 1980-2005 panel a...

recently, economists have attention to the brain drain as emigration of skilled and educated labor force from developing countries. in this case, we are dealing with one main question is: how brain drain can affect the human capital of source countries? based on existing theories, brain drain can affect the economy of source countries in different ways such as; direct reduction of human capital...

Policies to Create and Destroy Human Capital in Europe Trends in skill bias and greater turbulence in modern labor markets put wages and employment prospects of unskilled workers under pressure. Weak incentives to utilize and maintain skills over the life-cycle become manifest with the ageing of the population. Reinvention of human capital policies is required to avoid increasing welfare state ...

This paper analyzes the effect of international trade on the gender wage gap and the resulting impact on households’ trade-off between female labor force participation (FLFP) and fertility. We argue that whenever trade expands sectors intensive in female labor, the gender wage gap widens and FLFP falls. In a model where male labor and female labor are two distinct factors of production we disti...

This paper asks how good actual US-fiscal policy was on average and over the cycle in the last 40 years compared to a Ramsey-optimal policy of a frictional labor market model. In our model labor taxes are intertemporally distortive, making the trade-off between capital and labor taxes interesting. Quantitatively, (optimal) taxation results hinge upon an estimate of the intratemporal elasticity ...

We develop and estimate a model in which individuals make decisions on consumption, human capital investment, labor supply, and retirement. Unlike all previous work, our model allows both an endogenous wage process (which is typically assumed exogenous in the human capital and earnings dynamics literature). In addition, we introduce health shocks. We estimate the model and match the life-cycle ...

OBJECTIVES This study examines the pre-retirement labor force participation behavior of Black, White, and Hispanic men and women to determine how patterns of labor market exit differ among groups. METHODS We combine data from the first and second waves of the Health and Retirement Study and apply multinomial logit regression techniques to model labor force status in the first wave of the HRS ...

This paper presents a theory where increases in female labor force participation and reductions in the gender wage-gap are generated as part of a single process of demographic transition, initially characterized by reductions in mortality and fertility. The paper suggests a relationship between gains in life expectancy and changes in the role of women in society that has not been identified bef...