A 13 year old girl was referred to the authors because of mobility of the upper central incisors. Orthodontic treatment had been completed 6 months prior to the referral. Three months after the completion of orthodontic treatment a diastema developed between the maxillary central incisors. As the labial frenum was felt to be causing the splaying a frenectomy was done with electrocautery and the...

The frenulum is a fold of mucous membrane that attaches the lips and cheeks to alveolar mucosa, gingiva, underlying periosteum. High attachment can cause periodontal esthetic problems, such as gingivitis, gingival recession, central diastema which require frenectomy. Frenectomy complete removal frenulum, including its bone, causing wide wound triggering bleeding. A 21-year-old female patient wh...

The lip brake is a fold in the oral mucosa, originating upper and insertion alveolar mucosa. At birth, labial frenum may be inserted palatal papilla. As individual grows, he can migrate to more region, featuring normal curl. However, when it remains papilla, case of hypertrophic When pathological, this structure promote formation interincisal diastema, periodontal pocket, gingival retraction, a...

A midline diastema usually is part of normal dental development during the mixed dentition. However, several factors can cause a diastema that may require intervention. An enlarged labial frenum has been blamed for most persistent diastemas, but its etiologic role now is understood to represent only a small proportion of cases. Other etiologies associated with diastemas include oral habits, mus...

The frenum is a mucous membrane fold that attaches the lip and the cheek to the alveolar mucosa, the gingiva, and the underlying periosteum. The frena may jeopardize the gingival health when they are attached too closely to the gingival margin, either due to an interference in the plaque control or due to a muscle pull. In addition to this, the maxillary frenum may present aesthetic problems or...

BACKGROUND The orofacial musculature plays a pivotal role in maintaining a balance in positioning of the teeth and any imbalance which occurs in this , results in malocclusion. Lingual frenum is a soft tissue structure which tethers the ventral surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to analyze the lingual frenal lengths in skeletal class I, class I...