BACKGROUND Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) usually requires numerous punctures under X-ray fluoroscopy. Repeated puncture will lead to more radiation exposure and reduce the beginners' confidence. OBJECTIVE This cadaver study aimed to investigate the efficacy of HE's Lumbar Location (HELLO) system in puncture reduction of PTED. STUDY DESIGN Cadaver study. SETTING ...

Suppose a graph G = (V, E) with edge weights w(e) and edges partitioned into disjoint categories S1, . . . , Sp is given. We consider optimization problems P on G defined by a family of feasible sets D(G) and the following objective function: L5(D) = max 1≤i≤p ( max e∈Si∩D w(e)− min e∈Si∩D w(e) ) For an arbitrary number of categories we show that the L5-perfect matching, L5-a-b path, L5-spannin...

This paper demonstrates a real-time software receiver supporting GPS/WAAS dual-frequency (L1/L5) processing. The software receiver is implemented on a widely-available recent generation multi-core processor and is capable of post-processing datasets from collection hardware. Key contributions of this software receiver are that 1) it is perhaps the first receiver capable positioning solely on L5...

traumatic retrolisthesis is a rare injury and may result in intervertebral disc extrusion and nerve root injury. these injuries are highly unstable and require surgery for decompression and stabilization. traumatic retrolisthesis of l5 with acute l5/s1 disc extrusion associated with nerve root injury has not been reported previously in english literatures. we herein report a case of traumatic r...

BACKGROUND L4-L5 disc herniations can be treated with percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) using a transforaminal posterolateral approach. Although PELD has some distinct advantages over conventional open discectomy, inadequate decompression is a major cause of failure of the procedure, especially with high-grade migrations. The objective of this technical note is to present a new s...

STUDY DESIGN Biomechanical, cadaveric study. OBJECTIVE To compare the fixation strength of a novel S1 pedicle screw insertion technique in a revision setting to a standard S1 pedicle screw and an L5 pedicle screw. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Fusions to the sacrum remain a difficult clinical challenge. Very few salvage techniques exist when a nonunion occurs. METHODS The biomechanical integ...

We evaluated the influence of measurement site on the ranking (low to high) of abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue. We also determined the influence of measurement site on the prediction of abdominal SAT and VAT mass. The subjects included 100 men with computed tomography (CT) measurements at L4-L5 and L3-L4 levels and 100 men with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mea...

OBJECTIVE To identify the correlations between the location of multifidus atrophy and the level of lumbar radiculopathy. METHODS Thirty-seven patients who had unilateral L4 or L5 radiculopathy were divided into 2 groups; the L4 radiculopathy (L4 RAD) group and the L5 radiculopathy (L5 RAD) group. Bilateral lumbar multifidus muscles at the mid-spinous process level of L4 vertebra (L4 MSP), the...

BACKGROUND Apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) can be induced in vitro by experimentally modified LDL. Description of proapoptotic circulating lipoproteins may significantly enhance understanding of atherothrombosis pathophysiology. METHODS AND RESULTS Fast protein liquid chromatography of LDL samples from 7 asymptomatic, hypercholesterolemic patients yielded subfractions L1-L5 in i...

BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a central role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. In LDL chromatographically resolved according to charge, the most electronegative subfraction-L5-is the only subfraction that induces atherogenic responses in cultured vascular cells. Furthermore, increasing evidence has shown that plasma L5 levels are elevated in individuals with high car...