Resistant mutants of Ureaplasma parvum were selected by serial passages of a susceptible strain in subinhibitory concentrations of different macrolides and related antibiotics (erythromycin, azithromycin, josamycin, quinupristin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, pristinamycin and telithromycin). Mechanisms of resistance were characterised by sequencing portions of genes encoding 23S rRNA and ribosoma...

This study investigates the role of retail pharmacy ownership in opioid epidemic. Using data prescription orders, we show that compared with chain pharmacies, independent pharmacies dispense 39.1 percent more opioids and 60.5 OxyContin. After an becomes a pharmacy, dispensing decreases. OxyContin reformulation, which reduced nonmedical demand but not legitimate medical demand, at least one-thir...

Thinking about contingencies, designing covenants and seeing through their implications is costly. Parties to a contract accordingly use heuristics and leave it incomplete. The paper develops a model of limited cognition and examines its consequences for contractual design. JEL numbers: D23, D82, D86, L22.

Contrary to other species in the Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex, we reidentified M. bolletii strains isolated from 4 respiratory patients and found these strains to be uniformly resistant to clarithromycin. No mutations previously associated with macrolide resistance in bacteria were detected in either the 23S rDNA or the genes encoding riboproteins L4 and L22.

We explore the twin hypotheses (i) that high-performance incentives, worker ownership of assets, and worker freedom from direct controls are complementary instruments for motivating workers, and (ii) that such instruments can be expected to covary positively in cross-sectional data. We also relate our conclusions to empirical evidence, particularly that on the organization, compensation, and ma...

By use of a time-kill methodology, the antipneumococcal activity of telithromycin was determined against macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates having mutations in the 23S rRNA gene and changes in the ribosomal proteins L4 and L22. Telithromycin had MICs ranging between 0.03 and 0.25 microg/ml and was bactericidal against four of seven strains after 24 h at two times the MIC.

Coevolving residues in a multiple sequence alignment provide evolutionary clues of biophysical interactions in 3D structure. Despite a rich literature describing amino acid coevolution within or between proteins and nucleic acid coevolution within RNA, to date there has been no direct evidence of coevolution between protein and RNA. The ribosome, a structurally conserved macromolecular machine ...

BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and induces inflammation. In this study we attempted to ascertain if there are endogenous host molecules controlling the production of cytokines and chemokines. Two candidates, ribosomal protein L19 and L22, were analyzed to determine if they influence cytokine production followed by TLR3 activation. In this study we ...

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3, isolated from a penicillin-allergic patient and initially susceptible to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, lincosamides, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and telithromycin, became resistant to all these drugs during treatment. Mutations in the parC and gyrA and in the 23S rRNA and the ribosomal protein L22 genes were detected in the resistant isolates.