Willingness to communicate (WTC) in a second language (L2) is believed to have a direct and sustained influence on learners’ actual usage frequency of the targeted language. To help overcome the lack of suitable environments to increase L2 learners’ WTC, our approach is to implement a WTC model based conversational agent. In this paper, we focus on the dialogue management aspects of our approac...

To contribute to a better understanding of L2 sentence processing, the present study examines how second language (L2) learners parse temporary ambiguous sentences containing relative clauses. Results are reported from both off-line and on-line experiments with three groups of advanced learners of Greek, with Spanish, German or Russian as native language (L1), as well as results from correspond...

It is axiomatic that L2 teaching and learning is a process that requires dynamic involvement of L2 learners in the acquisition of knowledge and skills. L2 learners need to be assisted in setting individual learning goals. They should also be given the exposure to and guidance in effective language learning strategies (LLSs) in order to build a high level of confidence in the learning process. T...

this study examined whether processing ambiguous sentences containing relative clauses (rcs) following a complex determiner phrase (dp) by persian-speaking learners of l2 english with different proficiency and working memory capacities (wmcs) is affected by semantic priming. the semantic relationship studied was one between the subject/verb of the main clause and one of the dps in the complex d...

based on the controversial beliefs among l2 teachers about effective corrective feedback (cf) strategies, recast and prompts as 2 kinds of cf have drawn the attention of l2 researchers(e.g., braidi, 2002; iwashita, 2003; loewen & philp, 2006; panova & lyster, 2002; sheen, 2004). despite these numbers of studies, debate continues to exist about their usefulness as a cf technique. whereas...

Introduction How human brains acquire second languages (L2) is one of the fundamental questions in neuroscience and language science. However, it is unclear whether the first language (L1) has a cross-linguistic influence on the processing of L2. Methods Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain activities during L2 word reading tasks of phonographic Japanese Kana bet...

The effect of motivational self-regulatory strategies on L2 learners’ achievement has scarcely been examined within the context of our country, Iran. This study is concerned with examining the relationship between motivational self-regulatory strategies and their L2 reading and L2 writing achievement. It also explores the relationship of motivational self-regulatory strategies and use of langua...

Millions of Foreign Language (FL) learners spend many years learning English in the classroom. Most FL learners learn English in their countries with local teachers, with little or no native L2 input. The Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) (Best, 1995, 1999) and Speech Learning Model (SLM) (Flege, 1995) are the most widely used L2 models in L2 speech analysis. However, ...

This study reports the results of two behavioral and two event-related brain potential (ERP) experiments examining the processing of inflected words in advanced second language (L2) learners with Russian as their native language (L1) who learnt German as an L2 after childhood. Two different subsystems of German inflection were studied, participial inflection and noun plurals. For participial fo...