1.1 Disfluencies in L2 speech For most of us, speaking a second language (L2) is a challenging task. Even if we call ourselves ‘fluent’ in the L2, we may at times find ourselves unsure about the grammar or at a loss for the right words. In fact, we are often not so fluent at all. The most obvious reason for this lack of fluency is a lack of proficiency, that is, a speaker has insufficient knowl...

Listener-based judgements of fluency play an important role in second language (L2) communication contexts and L2 assessment. Accordingly, our meta-analysis examined the relationship between different aspects utterance listener-based perceived by analyzing primary studies reporting correlation coefficients objective measures temporal features subjective ratings fluency. We analyzed 263 effect s...

The current study investigated first language (L1) effects on listener judgment of comprehensibility and accentedness in second language (L2) speech. The participants were 45 university-level adult speakers of English from three L1 backgrounds (Chinese, Hindi, Farsi), performing a picture narrative task. Ten native English listeners used continuous sliding scales to evaluate the speakers’ audio...

Fluency in terms of speed speech and (lack of) hesitations such as silent filled pauses (‘uhm’s) is part oral proficiency. Language assessment rubrics therefore include aspects fluency. Measuring fluency, however, highly time-consuming because the manual labour involved. The current paper aims to automatically measure L2 including pauses, both Dutch English. A revised existing script a new for ...

Rapid automatized naming (RAN) is a strong predictor of reading across languages. However, it remains unclear if the effects RAN in first language (L1) transfer to second (L2) and results vary as function orthographic proximity L1–L2. To fill this gap literature, we examined role accuracy fluency eight languages representing different writing systems. Seven hundred thirty-five university studen...

This paper reviews models of the cognitive processes involved in writing. It sketches their development from an early emphasis on the thinking behind the text and the impact of cognitive overload on this, through more dynamic models emphasizing the interaction between thinking and text production processes, to more recent models emphasizing the constitutive role of text production in the develo...

The current project investigated the extent to which several lexical aspects of second language (L2) speech—appropriateness, fluency, variation, sophistication, abstractness, sense relations— interact to influence native speakers’ judgements of comprehensibility (ease of understanding) and accentedness (linguistic nativelikeness). Extemporaneous speech elicited from 40 French speakers of Englis...

The present study examines cross-linguistic articulation rates in read speech among 28 native speakers (14 English and 14 Japanese) and 14 Japanese-English near-balanced bilinguals. The results show that: (1) articulation rates are comparable between the native speakers and the bilinguals; (2) there was a significant difference of articulation rates in Japanese and English among the bilinguals;...

The purpose of this study was to investigate attrition effects in a group L1-Greek–L2-English speakers and explore their views on feelings about own use both languages. first part (n = 32) psycholinguistic measuring semantic formal verbal fluency which broader project. second 14) sociolinguistic semi-structured interviews aiming gain insights into participants’ lived experiences attrition. In f...