AIMS To characterize the effects of long-term β-adrenergic receptor stimulation on Rem protein and mRNA expression in rat heart and possible involvement of miR-132. METHODS Adult rats were treated with isoproterenol (ISO, 150 µg.kg.h(-1)) for 2 d and Rem, miR-132, and α1c (the principal subunit of Cav1.2 channels) were measured at protein and mRNA levels with western blot and quantitative rev...

sleep stages classification is one of the most important methods for diagnosis in psychiatry and neurology. in this paper, a combination of three kinds of classifiers are proposed which classify the eeg signal into five sleep stages including awake, n-rem (non-rapid eye movement) stage 1, n-rem stage 2, n-rem stage 3 and 4 (also called slow wave sleep), and rem. twenty-five all night recordings...

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) show mostly unimpaired motor behavior during REM sleep, which contrasts strongly to coexistent nocturnal bradykinesia. The reason for this sudden amelioration of motor control in REM sleep is unknown, however. We set out to determine whether movements during REM sleep are processed by different motor networks than move...

The noradrenergic (NA-ergic) rapid eye movement (REM)-OFF neurons in locus coeruleus (LC) and cholinergic REM-ON neurons in laterodorsal/pedunculopontine tegmentum show a reciprocal firing pattern. The REM-ON neurons fire during REM sleep whereas REM-OFF neurons stop firing during REM sleep. The cessation of firing of REM-OFF neurons is a pre-requisite for the generation of REM sleep and non-ce...

A method utilizin g picosecond u ltrason ics, combin ed with a pump-probe therm oreflectance techn iqu e, for the sim u ltan eou s m easu rem ent of thin -film th ickness and thermal condu ctiv ity norm al to the su rface is presen ted. Th is techniqu e is a non con tact m ethod that is u sefu l for determ in in g thermophysica l properties of film s with th ickness grad ien ts or for film s in...

Judgments of frequency for targets (old items) and foils (similar; dissimilar) steadily increase as the number of times a target is studied increases, but discrimination of targets from similar foils does not steadily improve, a phenomenon termed registration without learning (D. L. Hintzman & T. Curran, 1995; D. L. Hintzman, T. Curran, & B. Oppy, 1992). The present experiment explores this phe...

Background & Aims: Sleep disorders are common complains in patients with cerebral stroke; studies on these issues are limited. We aimed to evaluate the sleep changes in patients with supratentorial ischemic stroke. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 38 patients (19 patients in supratentorial ischemic stroke group and 19 people in control group) were evaluated. Total sleep time, sleep effic...

Recent experimental studies investigating the neuronal regulation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep have identified mutually inhibitory synaptic projections among REM sleep-promoting (REM-on) and REM sleep-inhibiting (REM-off) neuronal populations that act to maintain the REM sleep state and control its onset and offset. The control mechanism of mutually inhibitory synaptic interactions mirrors...