This paper presents novel hardware implementation of modified RC4 stream cipher for wireless network security. The Modified RC4 algorithm proposes two changes in conventional RC4 stream cipher algorithm, one in Key Scheduling Algorithm (KSA) stage and other in Pseudorandom Generation Algorithm (PRGA) stage. This modification in KSA removed many weakness and produces random states, so that it wi...

T ClinicalTrials.gov was established by the United States National Institutes of Health in collaboration with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2000.1 It offers the latest information on clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for a wide range of diseases. One of the original goals of the site was to help patients find trials related to the treatment of their condition.1 Subsequent...

Since early 2007, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has experienced several highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in the falconry and poultry sectors. The public health threat associated with peculiar husbandry systems, requiring close contact between humans and birds of prey, highlights the need of an improved understanding of the epidemiology and of the viral characteristics...

This paper presents a model conceptual framework that is aimed at promoting trust in the online retailing environment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Despite rapid Internet growth, the development of online retailing in Saudi Arabia continues to progress very slowly compared to that of the developed and leading developing countries. To determine the reason behind the sluggish growth of on...

Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Turrabah, KSA, Saudi Arabia Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig,, Egypt Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, Saudi Arabia Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medi...

OBJECTIVE Obesity and overweight are well known risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), and are expected to be increasing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) particularly among females. Therefore, we designed this study with the objective to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight among Saudis of both gender, between the ages of 30-70 years in rural as well as in urban commu...

OBJECTIVES To explore the current structure of the Saudi health care system, and assess the quality of health care in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) based on the indicators provided by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), and to provide recommendations for improvements. METHODS This study explores the current structure of the Saudi health care system using a systematic review of studies publis...

The marine bryozoan, Bugula neritina, is the source of the bryostatins, a family of macrocyclic lactones with anticancer activity. Bryostatins have long been suspected to be bacterial products. B. neritina harbors the uncultivated gamma proteobacterial symbiont "Candidatus Endobugula sertula." In this work several lines of evidence are presented that show that the symbiont is the most likely so...

estimated to affect 170 million people worldwide and 20%-30% of these will eventually progress to liver cirrhosis and its sequelae, such as hepatocellular carcinoma.1 In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) sero-prevalence studies suggest that the overall antiHCV positivity is 0.99%, while in subjects over the age of 50 years it is 3.5%-5%.2,3 This prevalence rises to 75% among intravenous drug us...

Wired equivalent privacy encryption of IEEE 802.11 standard is based on the RC4 stream cipher, but the weakness in its Initialization Vector (IV) derivation causes the Key Scheduling Algorithm (KSA) of RC4 to leak out the information about the secret key. It is shared among the particular participants in the Wireless LAN (WLAN). Housley et al. proposed an Alternate Temporal Key Hash (ATKH) to s...