Ethnographic methods were used to study daily occupations and weekly routines of four young Orthodox Jewish couples living in Los Angeles. Data from interviews and participant observation demonstrate the importance to the couples of fulfilling God's commandments [Hebrew, mitzvot], which organize and sanctify the otherwise mundane activities of daily living, such as eating, bathing sleeping, and...

In avian hypertrophic cartilage, the maturation pathway from mesenchymal prechondrogenic cells to fully differentiated hypertrophic chondrocytes proceeds through differentiation stages that can be defined by biochemical markers and several other parameters such as cell volume, cellular phenotype and growth kinetics. The chondrocyte differentiation process is divided into three schematic cellula...

Abstract In the Islamic and Jewish religions, there are various restrictions that should be followed in order for food products to acceptable. Some items like pork or dog meat banned consumed by followers of mentioned religions. However, illegally, some producers countries use either fat animals during production without being label on final products, this considers as adulteration. Nowadays, h...

Salmonella enterica is recognized as one of the most common bacterial agents of foodborne illness. We report draft genomes of four Salmonella serovar Heidelberg isolates associated with the recent multistate outbreak of human Salmonella Heidelberg infections linked to kosher broiled chicken livers in the United States in 2011. Isolates 2011K-1259 and 2011K-1232 were recovered from humans, where...

Gelatin is an important functional biopolymer widely used in foods to improve elasticity, consistency, and stability. It can be obtained not only from the skin and bones of land animals, but also from fi sh and insects. In recent years gelatins from fi sh and edible insects provide an alternative source that is acceptable for halal (Muslim) and kosher (Jewish) products, gelatin extraction has b...