Constructing a planner for a particular application is a diicult job, for which little concrete support is currently available. The literature on planning is overwhelming and there is no clear synthesis of the various planning methods which could be used by knowledge engineers. In this paper, we show how a general, knowledge-level framework for conceptually specifying knowledge-based systems, c...

It is common in many countries that engineers having an academic degree in Civil Engineering are appointed responsible for different tasks related to Bridge Engineering. However, there are serious questions about whether formal university courses in civil engineering could cover the needs of a bridge engineer to fulfill his or her job successfully. Regarding the recent significant advances in t...

Expert critics have been built to critique human performance in various areas such as engineering design, decision making, etc. We suggest that critics can also be useful in building and use of knowledge-based design systems (KBDSs). Knowledge engineers elicit knowledge from domain experts and build a knowledge-based design system. The system generates designs. The amount of knowledge the syste...

Manufacturing as a process of fabrication is normally considered part of the industrial sector of the economy and not part of the post-industrial, or knowledge, sector. However, the knowledge economy is critically dependent on modern manufacturing technology for its existence, and modern manufacturing has come into being as a result of developments in information technologies. This presentation...

Standardization in software engineering plays an important role for integrating, regulating, and optimizing existing best practices and fundamental theories in software development and organization. An idiom says that one can “gain new knowledge by reviewing the past.” This chapter reviews current software engineering and software quality related standards and the history of their development. ...

The field of multimedia software engineering is still in an inmature state. Significant research and development has been dedicated towards multimedia services and systems technology such as networking or database systems. Multimedia document formats have been standardized. But when it comes to multimedia application development, the development process is truncated to an implement-and-test met...