An experimental campaign on joints of x-braced frames is presented. Tests are performed on strap-gusset joints and lower and upper corner joints. Many different phenomena and failure modes are observed in these tests. However, it is possible to see that only one failure mode can be accepted if a good seismic performance of the frame needs to be guaranteed: the net section failure of the diagona...

Yielding elements (YE) are among those devices that not only help control structural damages, but make better seismic behavior by concentrating the frames in some removable part of the structures. YE are located at the intersection of Concentric Braced Frame (CBF) in a rectangular shape. In this paper, Seismic behavior of the frames with YE will be investigated. For this reason, 5 braced steel ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the relative risk reduction associated with prophylactic knee braces in the prevention of knee injuries in collegiate football players. DATA SOURCES An exhaustive search for original research was performed using the PubMed, SportDiscus, and CINAHL databases from 1970 through November 2006, with the search terms knee brace, knee braces, knee bracing and football, prophyl...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ankle bracing on knee kinetics and kinematics during volleyball tasks. Fifteen healthy, elite, female volleyball players performed a series of straight-line and lateral volleyball tasks with no brace and when wearing an ankle brace. A 14-camera Vicon motion analysis system and AMTI force plate were used to capture the kinetic and kinematic...

In this study, topology optimization is applied to concentrically braced frames in order to find economical solutions for conventional structural steel frames. Differential Evolution Algorithm and Dolphin Echolocation Optimization are applied for structural optimization. Numerical examples are studied and results of comparison with other meta-heuristic algorithms, including Genetic Algorithm, A...