Inhibition of glycolytic metabolism may provide a new therapy for refractory epilepsy. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP), which inhibits glycolysis and diverts glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway, has strong inhibitory action on seizures induced by chemical convulsants. Here, we investigated the effect of FDP on a rat model of rapid hippocampal kindling. After determining the after-discharg...

Electrical kindling refers to the seizure-generating properties of brain stimulation. In addition to producing epilepsy, the reorganization of forebrain neurocircuitry associated with kindling contributes to psychiatric disturbances involving fear and anxiety. The amygdala is a limbic structure that kindles readily and regulates the complex neurocircuitry underlying emotional responding. Dopami...

Introduction: Many studies have shown that amygdala kindling produces synaptic potentiation by induction of changes in the neuronal electrophysiological properties and inward currents both in epileptic focus and in the areas which are in connection with the epileptic focus and have important role in seizure development and progression such as hippocampal CA1 region. However, cellular mechani...

Kindling in rats produces enduring behavioral changes that parallel the psychobehavioral disturbances frequently accompanying temporal lobe epilepsy. Some evidence suggests that the site of kindling is an important determinant of the type of behavioral changes observed following kindling, although this variable has not been systematically investigated. In the present experiments, the effects of...

Repeated subconvulsive electrical stimulation of certain areas of the forebrain leads to kindling, a progressive and permanent amplification of evoked epileptiform activity, which is a model for human temporal lobe epilepsy. Recent studies have shown that kindling induces synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) but not neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in the hip...

The role of Orphanin-FQ/nociceptin in synaptic plasticity was assessed by its potency in modulating kindling epileptogenesis in vivo, and feed-forward inhibition in hippocampal recordings in vitro. In addition, a specific rabbit antiserum against this peptide was obtained and the immunohistochemical distribution of nociceptin was determined in rat brain slices. After the establishment of kindli...

The effect of the nootropic drug piracetam (100 mg/kg) on kindled seizures, kindling-induced learning deficits, and histological alterations due to changes in central excitability was investigated in Wistar rats. The animals were kindled by repeated i.p. injections of an initially subconvulsive dose of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). As a control, piracetam or physiological saline was given 60 minutes...

Recurrent seizure activity induced during kindling has been reported to produce a functional synaptic reorganization of the mossy fibers in the hippocampus. To date, it is unclear whether this kindling-induced growth is secondary to decreases in hilar neuron density, which are presumed to reflect hilar neuronal cell loss, or whether it is related specifically to an activation-dependent plastici...

objective(s): stress induces many homeostatic aberrations which are followed by lifelong allostatic responses. epilepsy is developed or influenced by different environmental factors, i.e. prenatal stress which makes many contradictory developmental changes in seizure threshold and intensity. we investigated the potential seizure response of the rat offspring to prenatal stress; the stress which...

low frequency stimulation (lfs) is a potential alternative therapy for epilepsy. however, it seems that the anticonvulsant effects of lfs depend on its target sites in the brain. thus, the present study was designed to compare the anticonvulsant effects of lfs administered to amygdala, piriform cortex and substantia nigra on amygdala kindling acquisition. in control group, rats were kindled in ...