This paper presents an approach for automatic grading of essays. Student essays are compared against a model or key essay provided by the teacher. The similarity between a student essay and the model essay is measured by the cosine of their contained angle in an n-dimensional semantic space. The model essay is preprocessed by removing stopwords, extracting keywords, assigning weights to keyword...

We analyzed visualization paper keywords supplied for 4366 papers accepted to three main visualization conferences. We describe main keywords, topic areas, and 10-year historic trends from authorchosen keywords for papers published in the IEEE Visualization conference series (now called IEEE VIS) since 2004. Furthermore, we present the KeyVis Web application that allows visualization researcher...

Teachers’ Professional Competencies: Past, Present, and Future   M. Rezaai, Ph.D.*   The purpose of this paper is to review the expected professional competencies throughout the history of teacher training in Iran. As such it covers both the past, covering the period from teacher training inception in 1918 to the Islamic revolution in 1979; and the present, since the revolution. Of course t...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Teacher–child relationships Social competence Cross-system generalization Home School Chinese children Based on a two-year and three-wave longitudinal sample of 118 Chinese preschoolers, the present study examined the cross-lagged associations between teacher–child relationships and social competence, and the cross-system generalization of social competence betwe...