Conventional notions suggest that persistently high budget deficits give rise to inflation, which monetary policy on its own is powerless to prevent. However, empirical evidence does not provide convincing support for such a hypothesis. This paper reexamines the issue in the case of Pakistan using Johansen cointegration analysis. The empirical results suggest that in the long-run inflation is n...

The majority of existing literature on the twin deficits hypothesis focuses on its effects in economies already well developed. The theory suggests that there is a causal relationship between the budget deficit and trade deficit of a nation, a claim often debated in the economic community. This paper attempts to supplement existing literature by examining the causal relationship between budget ...

budget deficit constitutes a major fiscal indicator. it has major important ramification on macro-economic position of all nations. in developing countries generally, and in iran specifically, governments are likely to spend more on miscellaneous as well as differentiated obligations causing high expenditure costs with respect to their limited revenues. this causes a budget deficit to incur. th...

The title of Ball and Mankiw’s paper asks: What Do Budget Deficits Do? One answer to that question is a restatement on the pure theory of debt-financed budget deficits. An alternative answer would develop the effects on the U.S. or world economies on the assumption that the U.S. federal government balances its budget by reducing spending, instead of raising tax rates, or running deficits equal ...

3. In practice, yearto-year changes i n the federal debt do not precisely equal the corresponding annual federal budget deficits. The inequality results because Congress borrows to finance net spending on certain off-budget programs, and because the Treasury finances a small portion of the deficit through changes i n various assets such as its cash balances. Here we use the term deficit to refe...

Public debt and budget deficits arouse great concern. Households, financiers, and social scientists expend great energy on this topic. While there are many dimensions to the problem, I would tend to organize my thoughts around three main questions. First, there is definition and measurement. What are the constituents of the deficit? Issues such as contingent liabilities, unfunded liabilities, c...