This paper deals with the application of steam to enhance the recovery from petroleum reservoirs. We formulate a mathematical and numerical model that simulates coinjection of volatile oil with steam into a porous rock in a one-dimensional setting. We utilize the mathematical theory of conservation laws to validate the numerical simulations. This combined numerical and analytical approach revea...

Page Introduction 1 Methods of extraction 2 Extraction by expression 2 Extraction by solution 2 Extraction with cold solid fats _-_ 3 Extraction with hot liquid fats --3 Extraction with volatile solvents 4 Extraction by steam distillation 6 Design and construction of volatile-oil stills 6 Operation of volatile-oil stills__ 12 Commercial production of volatile oils in the United States^ 15 Oils ...

Volatile oil of Psidium guajava leaves obtained by steam distillation was given orally to study its effects on the exudation and proliferative phases of the inflammatory reaction, using technique of carragenin induced paw edema and cotton pellets in male albino rats. The anti inflammatory activity as compared with ketorolac tromethamine. In carragenin induced edemas,. 0.8ml/kg of the volatile o...

The chemical composition of the extracted fixed oil (total fatty acid composition) and volatile oil of Nigella sativa L. seeds grown in Iran were determined by GC and GC/MS. Eight fatty acids (99.5%) and thirty-two compounds (86.7%) have been identified in the fixed and volatile oils, respectively. The main fatty acids of the fixed oil were linoleic acid (55.6%), oleic acid (23.4%), and palmiti...

Morphological, chemical and genetic differences of 12 tree basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.) accessions were studied to determine whether volatile oils and flavonoids can be used as taxonomical markers and to examine the relationship between RAPDs to these chemical markers. Eugenol, thymol, and geraniol were the major volatile oil constituents found in Ocimum gratissimum. Xantomicrol and cirsimarit...

The essential oil of Lobelia pyramidalis was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. A total of 21 constituents comprising 77.88 % of the total oil were identified. Perilla ketone constituted 25.61 % of the oil followed by camphorquinone (12.16 %), dibutyl phthalate (10.66 %) and allyl nonanoate (8.47 %). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated using the disc diffusion method and the microdilutio...

In Present study the antinociceptive and the gastroprotective effects of orally administered or inhaled Thevetia peruviana Pers. K. (Schum) (Oleander) volatile oil, and its principal constituents linalool and 1,8-cineole were evaluated in mice. Either when orally administered (100μl/kg) or inhaled for 60 min Thevetia peruviana volatile oil significantly reduced the acetic acid-writhing response...

The object of this study is the flowers of Kazakhstan species of “AkMai” safflower, collected in the flowering stage in Southern Kazakhstan. Volatile oil was carry out to study the component composition of Kazakhstan “AkMai” safflower flowers. The composition of the volatile oil obtained from the dried flowers of Carthamus tinctorius L. growing in Kazakhstan. Pale yellow oily extracts were obta...

Different mixtures of monoterpenes (ketone, alcohol, and alkene) were loaded on paper discs and wax and their knockdown activities were evaluated against Culex pipiens adults. Some individual monoterpenes were also evaluated by residual toxicity technique. Citronella oil as a reference was also loaded separately or in combination with monoterpenes on paper discs and wax. The ketone monoterpenes...

Szechuan peppers, famous for their unique sensation and flavor, are widely used as a food additive and traditional herbal medicine. Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Z. armatum are both commonly recognized as Szechuan peppers, but they have different tastes and effects. The chemical components, genetic characteristics, and suitable habitat of six cultivars were analyzed in this study. The results indic...