We fabricated high-quality c axis-oriented epitaxial MgB2 thin films using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The thin films grown on (1 i 0 2) Al2O3 substrates have a transition temperature of 39 kelvin. The critical current density in zero field is approximately 6 x 10(6) amperes per cubic centimeter at 5 kelvin and approximately 3 x 10(5) amperes per cubic centimeter at 35 kelvin, which su...

The responses of Earth's and Mars' thermospheres to the quasi-periodic (27-day) variation of solar flux due to solar rotation were measured contemporaneously, revealing that this response is twice as large for Earth as for Mars. Per typical 20-unit change in 10.7-centimeter radio flux (used as a proxy for extreme ultraviolet flux) reaching each planet, we found temperature changes of 42.0 +/- 8...

We perform numerical simulations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the mid-plane of a protoplanetary disc. A two-dimensional corotating slice in the azimuthal–vertical plane of the disc is considered where we include the Coriolis force and the radial advection of the Keplerian rotation flow. Dust grains, treated as individual particles, move under the influence of friction with the gas, wh...

[1] On the basis of moored (35 W, 0 and 23 W, 0 ) and satellite observations, we contrast the upper equatorial Atlantic variability during 2002 with those during 2005. Inspection of the interannual boreal summer cold tongue variability revealed a warm (cold) event in 2002 (2005), with relaxed (intensified) winds in the west and the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) embedded in a shallower (deeper) ...

[1] Both global scale waves (e.g., Kelvin, equatorial Rossby, or Rossby-gravity waves) and mesoscale gravity waves contribute to the wind reversals of the quasi biennial oscillation (QBO). The relative contributions of the different wave types are highly uncertain. In our work we quantify the contribution of equatorial Kelvin waves to the reversal from stratospheric easterlies to westerlies ave...