The estimation of ridge parameter is an important problem in the ridge regression method, which is widely used to solve multicollinearity problem. A comprehensive study on 28 different available estimators and five proposed ridge estimators, KB1, KB2, KB3, KB4, and KB5, is provided. A simulation study was conducted and selected estimators were compared. Some of selected ridge estimators perform...

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that functions as an autocrine growth factor. In this study, we analyze the mechanism for Ang II-inducible IL-6 expression in quiescent rat VSMCs. Stimulation with the Ang II agonist Sar Ang II (100 nmol/L) induced transcriptional expression of IL-6 mRNA transc...

BACKGROUND Cyclotides are useful scaffolds to stabilize bioactive peptides. RESULTS Four melanocortin analogues of kalata B1 were synthesized. One is a selective MC4R agonist. CONCLUSION The analogues retain the native kalata B1 scaffold and introduce a designed pharmacological activity, validating cyclotides as protein engineering scaffolds. SIGNIFICANCE A novel type of melanocortin agon...

BACKGROUND This study was designed to examine the expression of atrial/fetal-type myosin light chain 1 (ALC1) in human ventricles with old myocardial infarction and in control hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of immunoreactive (ir) ALC1 was examined in the subendocardial and subepicardial myocardium of the infarcted and the noninfarcted regions in the left ventricles with old myocar...

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that functions as an autocrine growth factor. In this study, we analyze the mechanism for Ang II-inducible IL-6 expression in quiescent rat VSMCs. Stimulation with the Ang II agonist Sar Ang II (100 nmol/L) induced transcriptional expression of IL-6 mRNA transc...

The c-rel protooncogene, a member of a transcription factor family that includes NF-kappa B, displays a complex pattern of gene expression. To understand the basis of this expression, the regulatory region upstream of the murine c-rel transcription start sites has been cloned and characterized. Transcription of the murine c-rel gene initiates at multiple sites downstream of a GC-rich region con...

Anthracnose is an important disease in red chili caused by Colletotrichum capsici which can reduce productivity up to 65%. Controlling using indigenous epiphytic yeasts has never been done. The study aimed determine the ability of yeast isolates control C. on chili. was carried out at Phytopathology Laboratory, Faculty Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, from August 2019 - April 2020 vitro and vi...