The processing of antigens for presentation to CD8+ T-cells in association with MHC class I molecules involves many chaperones and accessory proteins in the ER. Once processed into a trimeric complex of beta-2-microglobulin (p2m), heavy chain and antigenic peptide the MHC class I molecule is complete and can traffic to the cell surface where it interacts with the T cell receptor of CD8+ T-cells...

We propose a nonparametric test for the exclusion and monotonicity assumptions invoked in instrumental variable (IV) designs based on random assignment of cases to judges. show its asymptotic validity demonstrate finite-sample performance simulations. apply our an empirical setting from literature examining effects pretrial detention defendant outcomes New York. When are not satisfied, we weake...

Dans un contexte français marqué par le développement des barèmes judiciaires, cet article propose une analyse économique de ces derniers, centrée sur les acteurs du litige : juges et justiciables. Après avoir présenté différentes formes que pouvait prendre barème judiciaire, l’article, qui prend appui revue littérature, met en évidence peuvent être envisagés comme outils d’aide à la décision q...

In trials witnesses often slant their testimony in order to advance their own interests. To obtain truthful testimony, the law relies on cross-examination under threat of prosecution for perjury. We show that perjury law is an imperfect truth-revealing mechanism. More importantly, we develop a perfect truth-revealing mechanism. Under this mechanism the witness is sanctioned if a court eventuall...

Crime, Prosecutors, and the Certainty of Conviction This paper tests predictions of a structural, augmented supply-of-offenders model regarding the relative effects of police, public prosecution and courts, respectively, on crime. Using detailed data on the different stages of the criminal prosecution process in Germany, empirical evidence suggests that public prosecutors and their influence on...

Courts are an important element in the institutional framework of labor markets, often determining the actual degree of employment protection. German labor courts provide a vivid example in this regard. However, we know relatively little about actual court behavior. A unique data set on German labor court verdicts reveals that social and other criteria like employee characteristics, the type of...

We study the decision of when to sue in a game in which multiple plaintiffs have similar cases against a single defendant. Two legal regimes are considered. In one, prior results are binding in all future cases. In contrast, under the prevalent asymmetric regime, adverse results are binding against the defendant in future actions, but a judgement adverse to one plaintiff will not be binding aga...

In liability lawsuits (e.g., patent infringement), a plaintiff demands compensation from defendant, and the parties often negotiate settlement to avoid costly trial. Liability insurance creates bargaining leverage for defendant in this negotiation. We study characteristics of monopoly equilibrium contracts settings where effect is substantial source value insurance. Our results show that under ...

The classical K41 theory, based on the ideas of Kolmogorov, Richardson and Batchelor, has in recent years with accumulating evidence become subject to increased scrutiny. We elaborate idea that deficiencies theory originate fundamental assumption universal equilibrium, which turn is result basic locality nonlinear interactions. These very assumptions are argued have no anchoring governing Navie...