in the present study, interactions of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists with water swimming stress (wss) on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice were examined. mice were rendered dependent as described in the methods section. the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1 mg/kg), was injected to elicit jumping (as a withdrawal sign). the first group exposed to wss in the pr...

Control and minimization of tip-sample interaction forces are imperative tasks to maximize the performance of atomic force microscopy. In particular, when imaging soft biological matter in liquids, the cantilever dragging force prevents identification of the tip-sample mechanical contact, resulting in deleterious interaction with the specimen. In this work we present an improved jumping mode pr...

We describe crawling and jumping by a deformable robot. Locomotion over rough terrain has been achieved mainly by rigid body systems including crawlers and leg mechanisms. This paper presents an alternative method of moving over rough terrain, one that employs deformation. First, we describe the principle of crawling and jumping as performed through deformation of a robot body. Second, in a phy...

This paper introduces jumping robots as a means to traverse rough terrain; such terrain can pose problems for traditional wheeled, tracked and legged designs. The diversity of jumping mechanisms found in nature is explored to support the theory that jumping is a desirable ability for a robot locomotion system to incorporate, and then the size-related constraints are determined from first princi...

In this paper, the problemof robust exponential stability analysis of uncertain discrete-time recurrent neural networks withMarkovian jumping and time-varying delays is studied. By employing the Lyapunov functional and linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, a new sufficient criterion is proposed for the global robust exponential stability of discrete-time recurrent neural networks which conta...

Nordic ski-jumping fatalities are rare events. Six jumping fatalities have occurred in the United States during the past 50 years. The fatality rate for nordic ski jumping, estimated to be roughly 12 fatalities/100,000 participants annually, appears to be within the range of fatality rates for other "risky" outdoor sports. Cervical fractures appear to be the most frequent fatal ski-jumping injury.

Finding ranking functions for the loops in a program is a prerequisite for proving its termination and analysing its resource usage. From its ranking function one easily derives a symbolic upper bound on the number of iterations of a loop. Such symbolic loop bounds can be used to derive concrete time and memory-usage bounds for complete programs. This paper builds upon an earlier paper in which...

BACKGROUND Method-specific suicide trends varied across countries, and studies of the trends in different countries can contribute to the understanding of the epidemiology of suicide. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in suicide trends by sex, age and method in the years 1971 to 2005 in Taiwan. METHODS Mortality data files of suicide and undetermined deaths for the years 19...

The design of new alerts, that is, collections of structural features observed to result in toxicological activity, can be a slow process and may require significant input from toxicology and chemistry experts. A method has therefore been developed to help automate alert identification by mining descriptions of activating structural features directly from toxicity data sets. The method is based...