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William Farr must be counted a founder, even the founder, of epidemiology in its modern form. Among the special contributions of men like Quetelet and Galton to biostatistics, of John Snow to the survey as an explanatory instrument, and of Pasteur and Koch to specifications of environmental agents and host immunity, Farr's contributions surely cover the broadest range of the activities of conte...

The importance of founder events in promoting evolutionary changes on islands has been a subject of long-running controversy. Resolution of this debate has been hindered by a lack of empirical evidence from naturally founded island populations. Here we undertake a genetic analysis of a series of historically documented, natural colonization events by the silvereye species-complex (Zosterops lat...

Great schools in science are rare. In the field of brain research there are dozens of big scientific centers throughout the world, but only few deserve the name of scientific schools. These are research units endowed with intellectual and emotional bonds whose source is a live scientific tradition originating from the founder of the school. There are two basic conditions necessary for the found...

the akhal-teke is an ancient horse originat-ing from asia where it was used by nomadic tribes and used as a warhorse. lameness examinations require proper interpretation of clinical and radiographic findings. therefore, understanding of normal radiographic findings of the foot is necessary. although the radiographic appearance of the normal foot must be understood to recognize abnormalities ,th...

Drawing on impression management and social exchange theory, we examine the use of positively biased forecasts by (non-)founder-CEOs as an tactic vis-à-vis their existing investors. Contrary to non-founder counterparts, founder-CEOs identify more with venture they founded and, therefore, experience greater instrumental affective concerns about long-term relationship Consequently, hypothesize th...

The extant literature on family-controlled firms in the U.S. presents a mixed picture on how family control affects opacity and value creation. In this study, we show that the mixed results could result from the differences among family firms with regard to the presence of founders and the extent of decision rights held by them. Specifically, we find that family firms in which founders are pres...

In emerging markets, the deviation between the ultimate controlling shareholders’ voting rights and their cash flow rights (hereafter “DVC”) in the listed firms is quite prevalent. DVC could be introduced due to the ultimate controlling shareholders’ opportunistic incentives, as well as by their incentives to improve firm efficiency. This study uses 229 listed firms ultimately controlled by ind...

Finnish samples have been extensively utilized in studying single-gene disorders, where the founder effect has clearly aided in discovery, and more recently in genome-wide association studies of complex traits, where the founder effect has had less obvious impacts. As the field starts to explore rare variants' contribution to polygenic traits, it is of great importance to characterize and confi...

The body wall muscle of a Drosophila larva is generated by fusion between founder cells and fusion-competent myoblasts (FCMs). Initially, a founder cell recognizes and fuses with one or two FCMs to form a muscle precursor, then the developing syncitia fuses with additional FCMs to form a muscle fiber. These interactions require members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), with Kin-of-IrreC...