Today we tend to go back to the past to our root relation to nature. Therefore in search of friendly spaces there are elements of natural environment introduced as elements of spatial composition. Though reinvented through the use of the new substance such as greenery, water etc. made possible by state of the art technologies, still, in principal, they remain the same. As a result, sustainable ...

Today, most of the big cities or metropolises around the world have been encountering with the problem of informal habitation. The present study, thus, tries to focus on the role of endogenous development in such type of habitation process. For that matter, the paper takes into account architectural programming and urbanism as its theoretical framework because the endogenous development is rela...

during the first islamic centuries, kurdistan is one of areas that there has been little information on architectural and monumental structure of this area. in such a situation, imamzadeh aghil monument can provide a valuable insight into the architectural patterns of the perion in the area. this monument is located in the middle of a major archaeological site and its architectural style and ar...

This paper reports "work in progress" on a project which I've titled, "The Spaces of Transnational Cultures". The aim of the project is to build on, but be methodologically different from, my earlier research on the architecture and urbanism of colonial and postcolonial cities in which the principal objective had been to demonstrate the inherently constitutive relationship between the political...

Banjarmasin is known as a tidal waterfront city and it is called City of a Thousand Rivers. The city level was approximately -16 cm below the sea level and almost a swamp-land. The urbanization and the city development programs have changed the city’s physical and spatial plan from a wetland to a mainland structure. The issues of the city's transformation have changed the city structure from th...

Purpose The aim of this article is to develop an architectural pedagogy for the Anthropocene. author reflect on a project within postgraduate theory module address following questions: How can articulate critical modes production that contribute quality education in time Anthropocene? What are ideas, values and practices needed? Design/methodology/approach method employed close reading texts fo...