Population health research on racial discrimination is hampered by a paucity of psychometrically validated instruments that can be feasibly used in large-scale studies. We therefore sought to investigate the validity and reliability of a short self-report instrument, the "Experiences of Discrimination" (EOD) measure, based on a prior instrument used in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Yo...

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia exhibit high rates of memory distortions in addition to their impairments in episodic memory. Several investigations have demonstrated that when healthy individuals (young and old) engaged in an encoding strategy that emphasized the uniqueness of study items (an item-specific encoding strategy), they were able to improve their discrimination betwe...

We investigated the limits of the number of events observers can simultaneously time. For single targets occurring in one of eight positions sensitivity to duration was improved for spatially pre-cued items as compared to post-cued items indicating that exogenous driven attention can improve duration discrimination. Sensitivity to duration for pre-cued items was also marginally better for singl...

Three behavioural tasks (standard visual search, multiple target search, and numberdiscrimination)weretestedwithavariety of stimuli relevanttotwo-stage theories of vision. One purpose was to compare the two versions of the search task; a second was to explore the relations between processes of search and enumeration. The two search tasks were quite consistent overall, with strong correlations b...

This study investigated the utility of all of the above (AOTA) as a test option in multiple-choice items. It aimed at estimating item fit, item difficulty, item discrimination, and guess factor of such a choice. Five reading passages of the Key English Test (KET, 2010) were adapted. The test was reconstructed in 2 parallel forms: Test 1 did not include the abovementioned alternative, whereas Te...

Participants in source monitoring studies, in addition to determining whether an item is old or new, also discriminate the source of the item, such as whether the item was presented in a male or female voice. This article shows how to apply multivariate signal detection theory (SDT) to source monitoring. An interesting aspect of one version of the source monitoring procedure, from the perspecti...

The purpose of the present research was to compare memory for an item with memory for the item's source. Experiment 1 investigated discrimination between two external sources: each item in a list of words was spoken in either a male or a female voice. Subjects received a test of item recognition and a test of source monitoring at each of four delay intervals (immediate, 30 min, 48 h, 1 week). I...