For the pharmacokinetic analysis of isoniazid transfer into CSF, steady-state isoniazid concentrations of plasma and CSF were measured in eleven tuberculous meningitis patients confirmed with findings of CSF and neuroimazing. Peak plasma levels (4.17-21.5 micrograms/mL) were achieved at 0.25 to 3 hours after multiple isoniazid dose (600 mg/day). Terminal half-life, total clearance (CI/F) and vo...

It is an acceptable medical practice to use second-line antimycobacterial drugs in combination with isoniazid in treatment of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis. Recent investigations have demonstrated the importance of determining chemotherapeutic interaction in instances of multiple antibiotic use. We studied the inhibitory effect of combinations of isoniazid with ethambutol, rifampin, ethionam...

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Isoniazid is the most widely used first line antituberculosis drug. It is considered safe during lactation, but limited data are available on the transfer of isoniazid from circulation to milk in lactating women, which can provide an assessment of extent of exposure to the nursling. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS The study documents the transfer pattern and milk...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Isoniazid is a leading cause of liver injury but it is not clear how many cases are reported or how many clinicians and patients adhere to American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines. We collected data on cases of isoniazid hepatotoxicity and assessed adherence to ATS guidelines and reports to the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) isoniazid severe adverse events program. ME...

In the context of tuberculosis (TB) resurgence, isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is increasingly promoted, but concerns about the risk for development of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis may hinder its widespread implementation. We conducted a systematic review of data published since 1951 to assess the effect of primary IPT on the risk for isoniazid-resistant TB. Different definitions of iso...

OBJECTIVES Despite having potent activity against actively replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isoniazid has very limited activity against dormant bacilli. In order to investigate the lack of bactericidal activity of this drug under conditions leading to mycobacterial dormancy, we studied the transcriptional pattern of M. tuberculosis in different physiological states following exposure to ...

The elimination of isoniazid is subject to the influence of the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype, and individuals may be homozygotic slow, heterozygotic fast, or homozygotic fast acetylators of isoniazid. The early bactericidal activity (EBA) of an antituberculosis agent can be determined by quantitative culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples obtained from patients with pu...

Rifalazil (formerly known as KRM-1648) in combination with isoniazid has been found to be more active than rifampin/isoniazid. Administration of rifalazil/isoniazid for 12 weeks resulted in continued apparent sterilization of organs 6 months after cessation of therapy. In this study we evaluated the durability of rifalazil/isoniazid treatment. Female CD-1 mice were infected with Mycobacterium t...

Isoniazid is an effective antituberculosis drug. Isoniazid poisoning produces a characteristic clinical syndrome that occurs 30 to 120 minutes after ingestion and includes seizures, metabolic acidosis, and in severe cases, coma. Rhabdomyolysis is one of the reported complications of isoniazid poisoning, but relevant data are limited. Parenteral pyridoxine is the antidote of isoniazid. In this c...

3. The presence of equimolar concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate prevented the inhibition by isoniazid. Stable hydrazones of isoniazid did not inhibit transaminase activity. These compounds, which were stable in the presence of heavy suspensions of B.C.G. organisms, had tuberculostatic activity comparable with isoniazid. 4. Transaminase activity was found in extracts of cells which had been e...